They are literate. This spread of Shiism to the inner circles of the government enabled the Shia to withstand those who opposed them by relying upon the power of the caliphate. The Shia constitute around 20% of Kuwait,[26][27] 45% of the Muslim population in Lebanon, 10% of Saudi Arabia,[27][28] 12% of Syria, and 10% of Pakistan. [240] One analyst told CNN that the US strategy on putting pressure on Iran by arming its Sunni neighbors is not a new strategy for the United States. Malise Ruthven writes that the post invasion de-Ba'athification by the US occupiers deprived Iraq of "the officer class and administrative cadres that had ruled under Saddam Hussein, leaving the field to sectarian-based militias". In 2005 the new King Abdullah also relaxed some restrictions on the Shia. Pakistan's citizens have had serious Shia-Sunni discord. After the Mongols and the fall of the Abbasids, the Sunni Ulama suffered greatly. Their woman are more independent and can make decisions too. [56], Many Shia Iranians migrated to what is now Iraq in the 16th century. This has been the case in Iraq, Lebanon, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Syria. [80], In addition to Iran, Iraq has emerged as a major Shia government when the Twelvers achieved political dominance in 2005 under American occupation. Many Shias in the Levant were killed for their faith. "[165], Government policy has been to allow Shia their own mosques and to exempt Shia from Hanbali inheritance practices. Both Sunni and Shia Muslims live throughout the world. As-Saffah assumed both the temporal and religious mantle of Caliph himself. The war between Iran and Iraq was one of the bloodiest of the century, with an estimated one million Iranians and up to half-a-million Iraqis dying in the conflict. During the 20th century, an Islamic uprising in Syria occurred with sectarian religious overtones between the Alawite-dominated Assad government and the Islamist Sunni Muslim Brotherhood, culminating with the 1982 Hama massacre. union county ky obituaries. [220] Some of the slaughter was indiscriminate, but many were Shia targeted by the Taliban. In addition to the destruction of the caliphate there was no official Sunni school of law. Its the day we look forward to. In particular, the names Fatima, Zaynab, Ali, Abbas, Hussein, and Hassan are disproportionately common among Shias, though they may also be used by Sunnis. [138], Another reflection of grassroots Wahhabi or Saudi antipathy to Shia was a statement by Saudi cleric Nasir al-Umar, who accused Iraqi Shias of close ties to the United States and argued that both were enemies of Muslims everywhere.[176]. 03.10. best scope for savage mark ii 22lr . [225] According to Wikileaks, "Saudi cables" released in 2015 "reveal concern" about "Iran-driven Shiite expansion from Mali, Mauritania, Burkina Faso and Nigeria" to Shia Islam has taken place in Nigeria since the Iranian Revolution. I answered some of your most commonly asked questions while getting ready! [186], According to Pew, roughly 99% of Egyptian Muslims regarded themselves as Sunni Muslims. [225] Many of the converted are poor Muslims. [118] The governing regimes of Iraq were composed mainly of Sunnis for nearly a century until the 2003 Iraq War. His call seems to have been ignored, or swept away in the increasing tensions of Iraq under occupation. These five practices are essential to Sunni and Shia Muslims. In Indonesia, in 2015, Sunni clerics denounced the Shia as "heretics", and the mayor of Bogor proposed banning the Shia Ashura holy day. Finally, his efforts and contacting with scholars such as Mahmud Shaltut and Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi led to the founding of Dar-al-Taghrib (community for reforming unity between Sunni and Shia Muslims). Jasmine & Dawoud (@jasmineanddawoud) on TikTok | 32M Likes. [64], On 21 April 1802, about 12,000 Wahhabi Sunnis under the command of Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad, the second ruler of the First Saudi State attacked and sacked Karbala, killed between 2,000 and 5,000 inhabitants and plundered the tomb of Husayn ibn Ali, grandson of Prophet Muhammad and son of Ali ibn Abi Talib,[71]:74 and destroyed its dome, seizing a large quantity of spoils, including gold, Persian carpets, money, pearls, and guns that had accumulated in the tomb, most of them donations. Since taking political power in 1979, Irans Shia clergy has been supporting the Shia Muslims of Iraq, Lebanon and Syria. The Sunnis became more of a secular and conservative group, whereas the Shiites remained more traditional and orthodox. "[223], In Nigeriathe most populous country in Africauntil recently almost all Muslims were Sunni. This research paper has tried to focus on origin and development of Sunni-Shia division in Islam and also on its political, socio-economic implications and contemporary relations. This dispute spread across various parts of the Muslim world, which eventually led to the Battle of the Camel and Battle of Siffin. Today, there are differences in religious practice, traditions, and customs, often related to jurisprudence. [169], Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, Shia in Hasa ignored the ban on mourning ceremonies commemorating Ashura. Some of the Ismailis whose power had been broken by the Mongols, went underground and appeared later within Sufi orders or as new branches of already existing orders. The book, which "became the gospel of Deobandi militants" in the 1980s, attacked Khomeini and argued the excesses of the Islamic revolution were proof that Shiism was not the doctrine of misguided brothers, but beyond the Islamic pale. [259], Effort to bring unity between Sunni and Shia Muslims had been attempted by Allama Muhammad Taqi Qummi.[88]. Jasmine Fares is a Lebanese 25 year old, who currently lives in Toronto. [139], information indicates Sunnis, along with other religious minorities, are denied by law or practice access to such government positions as cabinet minister, ambassador, provincial governor, mayor and the like, Sunni schools and mosques have been destroyed, and Sunni leaders have been imprisoned, executed and assassinated. 38 23 20 7 1 29 29Iraq 24Afghanistan 16Iran* 1 Lebanon Azerbaijan Very big . [210] Whereas Iran has been funding Shia militant groups such as Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan, resulting in tit-for-tat attacks on each other. [214] As in Iraq they "targeted Shia in their holy places and mosques, especially during times of communal prayer. BBC Teach > Secondary Resources > KS3 Religious Studies / GCSE Religious Studies. Nafeez Ahmed cites a 2008 RAND Corporation study for the American military which recommended "divide and rule" as a possible strategy against the Muslim world in "the Long War." Of these some 5% are Shia, the rest are Sunni. "[216] Lashkar-e-Jhangvi has declared Shia to be "American agents" and the "near enemy" in global jihad. Your email address will not be published. [143][144], Members of the 'Balochistan Peoples Front' claim that Sunnis are systematically discriminated against educationally by denial of places at universities, politically by not allowing Sunnis to be army generals, ambassadors, ministers, prime minister, or president, religiously insulting Sunnis in the media, economic discrimination by not giving import or export licenses for Sunni businesses while the majority of Sunnis are left unemployed. In March 2005 Salt, al-Banna's home town, saw a three-day wake for al-Banna who Jordanian newspapers and celebrants proclaimed a martyr to Islam, which by definition made the Shia victims "infidels whose murder was justified." She now makes regular videos on YouTube with her husband Dawoud Harb. They both explained how owning a home was much more important to them than having an enormous expensive wedding. [152], Following the 2005 elections, much of the leadership of Iran has been described as more "staunchly committed to core Shia values" and lacking Ayatollah Khomeini's commitment to ShiaSunni unity. Some see a precursor of Pakistani ShiaSunni strife in the April 1979 execution of deposed President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto on questionable charges by Islamic fundamentalist General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. [182] The bombings are thought to be in retaliation[183] for a large car bomb which detonated on 15 August 2013 and killed at least 24 and wounded hundreds in a part of Beirut controlled by the Hezbollah[184], Although the country of Jordan is 95% Sunni and has not seen any ShiaSunni fighting within, it has played a part in the recent Shia-Sunni strife. From the Iranian Revolution to 2015, Shia groups in Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, supported by Iran have recently won "important political victories" which have boosted Iran's regional influence. Before Fame She has attended the University of Toronto. From all your homes you shot at us. [108], Olivier Roy, research director at the French National Centre for Scientific Research, sees the "Shia awakening and its instrumentalisation by Iran" as leading to a "very violent Sunni reaction", starting first in Pakistan before spreading to "the rest of the Muslim world, without necessarily being as violent." Alawites are often considered a form of Shia Islam, that differs somewhat from the larger Twelver Shia sect.[158]. In time, these immigrants adopted the Arabic language and Arab identity, but their origin has been used to "unfairly cast them as lackeys of Iran". Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Shia Imam, died during al-Mansur's reign, and there were claims that he was murdered on the orders of the caliph. These duties are Shahada (profession of faith), salat (prayers), Zakt (giving of alms), Sawm (fasting, specifically during Ramadan) and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). Visit our, Well for the gorgeous Jasmine Fares she decided against this and chose to not have the big day. They form a hardcore of Islamic activists, ever-ready to carry out a similar Taliban-style Islamic revolution in Pakistan. Of these some 5% are Shia, the rest are Sunni. Bahrain's 2002 election was widely boycotted by Shia. Saudi Arabia backed Iraq in the 19801988 war with Iran and sponsored militants in Pakistan and Afghanistan whothough primarily targeting the Soviet Union, which had invaded Afghanistan in 1979also fought to suppress Shia movements. Privacy Policy Agreement * I agree to the Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy. The kings of the Kara Koyunlu dynasty ruled in Tabriz with a domain extending to Fars and Kerman. On her account, she can be seen sporting clothing, makeup and accessories from companies like Hijabi Mama, The Date Palm and Culture. The anti-Shia Afghan Taliban regime helped anti-Shia Pakistani groups and vice versa. In the late 1920s, the Ikhwan (Ibn Saud's fighting force of converted Wahhabi Bedouin Muslims) were particularly hostile to the Shia and demanded that Abd al Aziz forcibly convert them. Although reformist President Mohammad Khatami promised during his election campaign to build a Sunni mosque in Tehran, none was built during his eight years in office. Before the Safavid era Shi'i manuscripts were mainly written in Iraq, with the establishment of the Safavid rule these manuscripts were transferred to Iran.[63]. After the Iranian Revolution and the fall of Pahlavi dynasty, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini endeavored to bridge the gap between Shiites and Sunnis by declaring it permissible for Twelvers to pray behind Sunni imams and by forbidding criticizing the Caliphs who preceded Alian issue that had caused much animosity between the two groups. ", "Islam and Iran: A Historical Study of Mutual Services Part 2", "Four Centuries of Influence of Iraqi Shiism on Pre-Safavid Iran", "A Study of the Migration of Shi'i Works from Arab Regions to Iran at the Early Safavid Era. When the Ismailis divided into two sects, Nizaris established their base in northern Persia. Unfortunately for Ismail, most of his subjects were Sunni. Jasmine admitted that not having a wedding meant letting go of a big part of their lives. Another effect noted by political scientist Gilles Kepel, is that the initial attraction of the Islamic Revolution to Sunnis as well as Shia, and Khomeini's desire to export his revolution, motivated the Saudi establishment to shore up its "religious legitimacy" with more strictness in religion (and with jihad in Afghanistan) to compete with Iran's revolutionary ideology. why does milo mistake the gelatinous giant for a mountain? Iran's Shia leaders are said to become "more determined" the more violent the anti-Shia attacks in Iraq become. [110] However, Sunni are split ethnically among Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen. This gap continued until the 20th century. Even so, by the thirteenth to fourtheenth century, Sunni and Shiite practices remained highly intertwined and figures today commonly associated with Shia Islam, such as Ali and Jafar al-Sadiq, played an almost universal role for Muslim believers to understand the unseen (Al-Ghaib).[51]. [236], Conflict between religious groups in the Middle East have spread to the Australian Muslim community[242][243][244][245][246] and within Australian schools.[247]. roger clemens baseball cards for sale. [177][178] Such groups have been allegedly responsible for violent attacks and suicide bombings at Shi'a gatherings at mosques and shrines, most notably in Iraq during the Ashura mourning ceremonies where hundreds of Shias were killed in coordinated suicide bombings,[179][180][181] but also in Pakistan and Afghanistan. ", "How can Sunnis and Shiites tell each other apart? 0. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni Why is the Muslim Mamas voice missing in the self-help book space. [252] In June 2014, the New York Times wrote that as ISIS has "seized vast territories" in western and northern Iraq, there have been "frequent accounts of fighters capturing groups of people and releasing the Sunnis while the Shiites are singled out for execution". In 1996 a leading Sunni, Abdulmalek Mollahzadeh, was gunned down by hitmen, allegedly hired by Tehran, as he was leaving his house in Karachi. Posted April 14, 2017. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims are mainly expressed through different religious practices. The findings of this research prove that the division between Sunni and Shia is not primarily based on religion, as many believe, rather, the division is a result of politics over time. New York: Saint Martin's Press, 1999. [2] [218], "Over 80,000 Pakistani Islamic militants have trained and fought with the Taliban since 1994. fort de phalempin masque maio 31, 2022 ; Sem Comentrios Sem Comentrios The world's Muslims fall into two major camps, Sunni and Shia, sometimes likened to Christianity's Catholics and Protestants. First, through the Asharis[clarification needed] at the end of the 7th and during the 8th century. lake tobias donation request; who is running for governor of illinois in 2022; investec interview questions; low risk sic codes for businesses; customer experience puns; how old is andy kelly bering sea gold; Until recently ShiaSunni relations have been cordial, and a majority of people of both sects participated in the creation the state of Pakistan in the 1940s. You must either accept to be Muslims or leave Afghanistan. [190][191] The Syrian Civil War has brought on an increase in anti-Shia rhetoric,[192] and what Human Rights Watch states is "anti-Shia hate speech by Salafis". The majority of Iranians turned to Shi'ism from the Safawid period onwards. [224] As of 2017, estimates of the number of Nigeria's 9095million Muslims who are Shia vary from between 20million (Shia estimate), to less than five million (Sunni estimate)[225] but according to Pew research center, less than 5% of the Muslim population in Nigeria are Shia.[14]. [125] Radical groups include Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad, Jeish Muhammad, and Black Banner Organization.[126]. Jasmine and Dawoud didnt set their goal on a fancy wedding but instead, used that money to buy a house. Religion: Islam. The concept of Shi'ism further crystallized around events at the Battle of Karbala, where Husayn ibn Ali, the son of Ali and grandson of the prophet, was killed alongside many of his supporters. Muhammad Khudabandah, the famous builder of Soltaniyeh, was among the first of the Mongols to convert to Shiaism, and his descendants ruled for many years in Persia and were instrumental in spreading Sh thought. [97] Many of officers joined the anti-Shia takfiri ISIL group. [66] The British colonial rule ended after the Sunni and Shia united against it. "[94], Even on this occasion there were differences, with Rafsanjani openly asking "more than once who started" the inter-Muslim killing in Iraq, and Al-Qaradawi denying claims by Rafsanjani that he knew where "those arriving to Iraq to blow Shii shrines up are coming from". [225], Islam is the dominant religion in Indonesia, which also has a larger Muslim population than any other country in the world, with approximately 202.9million identified as Muslim (88.2% of the total population) as of 2009. [2] Sunnis are a majority in almost all Muslim communities around the world. )._Washington,_DC:_National_Geographic2008 (. [91] In addition, he designated the period of Prophet's Birthday celebrations from 12th to the 17th of Rabi Al-Awwal as the Islamic Unity Week, there being a gap in the dates of when Shiites and Sunnis celebrate Muhammad's birthday. "It is said that when modern Iraq was formed, some of the population of Karbala was Iranian". Manzoor Nomani, a senior Indian cleric with close ties to Saudi Arabia published a book entitled Iranian Revolution: Imam Khomeini and Shiism. Third, through the school of Hillah under the leadership of Al-Hilli and his son Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin. [93], Some Western analysts assert that the US is practicing divide and rule strategy through the escalation of Sunni-Shia conflict. In 1998 more than 8,000 noncombatants were killed when the Taliban attacked Mazar-i-Sharif and Bamiyan where many Hazaras live. Human Rights Watch has accused government-backed Shia militias of kidnapping and killing scores of Sunni civilians in 2014. [114], The Shia suffered indirect and direct persecution under post-colonial Iraqi governments since 1932, erupting into full-scale rebellions in 1935 and 1936. Thus a political split became a far more personal one, marked by blood feud, and a cause for further divergence. [53] (However, Abbasid persecution of Islamic scholars was not restricted to the Shia. [1], The present demographic breakdown between the two denominations is difficult to assess and varies by source, with most approximations stating that 90% of the world's Muslims are Sunni and 10% are Shia, with most Shias belonging to the Twelver tradition and the rest divided between many other groups. As a Muslim woman, one of the biggest days of our lives is our wedding day. A mum blessed with 4 wonderful, super naughty children. Ab anfa, for example, was imprisoned by al-Mansur and tortured. One of these was Muhammad Ibn Makki, called Shahid-i Awwal (the First Martyr), one of the great figures in Shia jurisprudence, who was killed in Damascus in 1384. [175], A large fraction of the foreign Sunni extremists who have entered Iraq to fight against Shia and the American occupation are thought to be Saudis. There are Roots of Religion (Usl al-Dn) and Branches of Religion (Furu al Din). [146], Members of Sunni groups in Iran however have been active in what the authorities describe as terrorist activities. "[101], Although the Iranian revolution's leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, was very much in favor of ShiaSunni unity, he also challenged Saudi Arabia, in his view an "unpopular and corrupt dictatorship" and an "American lackey" ripe for revolution. [199][200][201], A March 2015 suicide bombing of two mosques (used mainly by supporters of the Zaidi Shia-led Houthi rebel movement), in the Yemeni capital of Sanaa, killed at least 137 people and wounded 300. [167], As of 2006 four of the 150 members of Saudi Arabia's "handpicked" parliament were Shia, but no city had a Shia mayor or police chief, and none of the 300 girls schools for Shia in the Eastern Province had a Shia principal. But the similarity is superficial. What do they believe? original sound - molly mashes. [55], The Shia believe that their community continued to live for the most part in hiding and followed their religious life secretly without external manifestations. Jones, Toby "The Iraq Effect in Saudi Arabia, Yemen Facing Insurgency on Two Fronts, By Stephen Ulph (see above), Amnesty: Ratification without implementation:the state of human rights in Yemen, Religious clash in Indonesia kills up to six, Straits Times, 6 February 2011, grand campaign to erase the Shiite dominance, French National Centre for Scientific Research, International Islamic Unity Conference (Iran), The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought, "Sunnis and Shia: Islam's ancient schism", "India Iran relations: Converging Interests or Drifting Equations", Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, "Ahmadinejad on way, NSA says India to be impacted if Iran 'wronged by others', "India, Iraq to make common cause over terror from Pak", "Aspiring powers and a new old friendship", "As Syrians Fight, Sectarian Strife Infects Mideast", "Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Presidential Library Religion", "Yemen: The conflict in Saada Governorate analysis", "Yemen: The land with more guns than people", "International Religious Freedom Report for 2012", "The New Middle East, Turkey, and the Search for Regional Stability", http://gulf2000.columbia.edu/images/maps/GulfReligionGeneral_lg.png, "The Origins of the Sunni/Shia split in Islam", "The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future", "Abu Hurayra and the Falsification of Traditions (Hadith)", Atlas of the Middle East (Second ed.). Hundreds of El-Zakzaky's followers were also arrested. Hopefully, this will strengthen Muslim countries against oppressive pressure by the imperialist front.[257]. Some Shia religious leaders also wear a black robe. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni. is the fiec part of the evangelical alliance; townhomes in avalon park; 8 ft windmill parts; why is my cash and sweep vehicle negative; nordstrom rack return policy worn shoes They were in control in Persian Iran, but the Sunnis led most Arab states in the Middle East. [208] There have also been conflagrations in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan and Azad Kashmir,[208] with several hundreds of Shia Hazara killed in Balochistan killed since 2008.[209]. But . Shia communities are also found in Yemen where a large minority of the population are Shia (mostly of the Zaidi sect), according to the UNHCR. [154] Sunni mosques are not allowed in the capital city of Tehran, and a number of Sunni mosques in other cities have been demolished,[155] Sunni literature and teachings are banned in public schools and construction of new Sunni mosques and schools are banned. This decision was not a spontaneous one. The two communities have often remained separate, mingling regularly only during the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca. In 2003, when Saddam was overthrown, Iraqi Shia celebrated. "[207] Most violence takes place in the largest province of Punjab and the country's commercial and financial capital, Karachi. [119], According to one estimate, as of early 2008, 1,121 suicide bombers have blown themselves up in Iraq. [253], After the collapse of the Iraqi army and capture of the city of Mosul by ISIS in June 2014, the "most senior"[254] Shia spiritual leader based in Iraq, the Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, who had been known as "pacifist" in his attitudes, issued a fatwa calling for jihad against ISIS and its Sunni allies, which was seen by the Shia militias as a "de facto legalization of the militias advance". Most adherents to the Islamic religious tradition belong to the Sunni branch, making up 90% of the world's Muslims. colleen bready married Hassan-i Sabbah conquered fortresses and captured Alamut in 1090. [115] In 1969 the son of Iraq's highest Shia Ayatollah Muhsin al-Hakim was arrested and allegedly tortured. Working together for an inclusive Europe. [192], Muslims in Yemen include the majority Shafi'i (Sunni) and the minority Zaidi (Shia). However, with the advent of the Zengids and Ayyubids, the population of Shias dwindled greatly due to conversion and migrations. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni. The report listed questions ISIS uses to "tell whether a person is a Sunni or a Shiite"What is your name? [82], Some tension developed between Sunnis and Shia as a result of clashes over Iranian pilgrims and Saudi police at the hajj. Shia Grand Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi is reported to have responded: The Wahhabis ignore the occupation of Islam's first Qiblah by Israel, and instead focus on declaring Takfiring fatwas against Shias. ShiaSunni relations can be traced back to a dispute over the succession to the Islamic prophet Muhammad as a caliph of the Islamic community. The change in. [94], In a milestone for the two countries' relations, on 3 March 2007 King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia and President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad held an extraordinary summit meeting. [239] Shadi Bushra of Stanford University wrote that the United States support of the Sunni monarchy during the Bahraini uprising is the latest in a long history of US support to keep the Shiites in check. View Jasmine Fares' profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. Takfir motivation for many of these killings may come from Sunni insurgent leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. Sunnis focus on following the Prophet's example whereas Shi'a focus on the lineage of Muhammad's family through a series of Imams. [108] In Syria, a Shia minoritythe heterodox Alawi sect that makes up only about 13 percent of the populationdominate the upper reaches of the government, military and security services in Syria, and are the "backbone" of the forces fighting to protect the Bashar al-Assad regime in Syria's civil war. How much of the conflict was sparked by Sunni versus Shia divisions and how much by Islamism versus secular-Arab-nationalism, is in question, but according to scholar Vali Nasr the failure of the Ayatollah Khomeini and the Islamic Republic of Iran to support the Muslim Brotherhood against the Baathists "earned [Khomeini] the Brotherhood's lasting contempt." Twelvers believe that Mutah was permitted until Umar forbade it during his rule. The Mahdi is the prophesied redeemer of Islam. This campaign forced most of the Shiites to disperse, with some fleeing south to Jabal Amel and some to the Bekaa, while a very small portion of them took on the practice of Taqiyya until the Ottomans came in 1517. A post shared by J A S M I N E F A R E S (@jasminefares). In conservative Sunni monarchies (especially those with restless Shia populations) dislike and suspicion of Iran, the Shia bastion, is running higher than ever. This website uses cookies. The divide. Also, some Sunni-accepted hadiths are less favored by Shias; one example is that because of Aisha's opposition to Ali, hadiths narrated by Aisha are not given the same authority as those by other companions. Could this have been the main cause of their choice? TikTok video from Jasmine & Dawoud (@jasmineanddawoud): "#duet with @mollymashes I love when she goes crazy ". Al-Banna killed 125 Shia and wounded another 150 in the 2005 Al Hillah bombing of a police recruiting station and adjacent open air market. Iran is unique in the Muslim world because its population is overwhelmingly more Shia than Sunni (Shia constitute 95% of the population) and because its constitution is theocratic republic based on rule by a Shia jurist. [233] In general, the Muslim community can be categorized in terms of two orientations: "modernists," who closely adhere to orthodox theology while embracing modern learning; and "traditionalists," who tend to follow the interpretations of local religious leaders (predominantly in Java) and religious teachers at Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). PEW RESEARCH CENTER Global Survey of Muslims Q87, Q87IRN. [187][188] others put the number of Shias somewhere between 800,000[189] to about two to three million. Between 500,000 and a million Shia live there,[162] concentrated especially around the oases of Qatif and al-Hasa. The groups demand the expulsion of all Shias from Pakistan and have killed hundreds of Pakistani Shias between 1996 and 1999. Both the Sunni al-Qaeda and "Islamic State" consider Shia Muslims to be heretics. [52] The Shia also believe that he promised them that the Caliphate, or at least religious authority, would be vested in the Shia Imam.
Sneaky Sasquatch Merchandise, River Lathkill Postcode, Police Activity South Hill Puyallup, Accident On Route 104 Wayne County Today, Benefits Of Wearing Shiva Pendant, Articles J