Even though African-Americans make up only 12% of the US population, they also contribute with staggering 40% to the total number of incarcerated criminals in the country. Mental Priming and Fear are some of the primary drivers of bias. According to police officers, it was for safety reasons. It’s implausible to believe that officers… can be immersed in an environment that repetitively exposes them to the categorical pairing of blacks with crime and not have that affect how they think, feel, or behave. Jennifer Eberhardt received a B.A. The reason is obvious: the more time people of different racial backgrounds spend with each other, the less they are inclined to act on instinct for the simple reason that instinct can now give way to experience. It is because the people in our institutions are mostly whites and they are primed to discriminate unconsciously against people who are not like them. Bias negatively impacts Black people in almost all parts of society. However, since categorizing precedes experience (Kant was one of the first people to notice this), and since our brains have developed to help us survive, and not to be right, we tend to notice only things that support our preconceived beliefs and ignore facts that contradict them. This is when bias is most likely to occur. Namely, how could there be such a thing as a prevailing stereotype if it is not based on something factual? Eberhardt’s book is a deep dive on race, with a focus on how race relates to law enforcement and beyond. Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD captures this tension exquisitely in her book, Biased. The following are my favorite notes from Jennifer L. Eberhardt's Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do. Believe it or not, according to a survey by the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, 22% of young Americans who came of age in the twenty-first century have never heard of the Holocaust. Even more, that there is “a neural component to the same-race advantage in the face-recognition process.”. This bias impedes our efforts to embrace and understand people who are deemed not like us. Arrest – 11 million arrest each year. That’s supposed to reflect an enthusiastic embrace of new perspectives and a willingness to hear and accommodate previously marginalized voices. (1987) from the University of Cincinnati, an A.M. (1990) and Ph.D. (1993) from Harvard University. Biased by Jennifer Eberhardt By benmunoz April 30, 2020 The Big Idea: You don’t have to be racist to behave with subconscious racial bias. Whether you want to admit to yourself or not, you are irrefutably, at least to some extent, a racist—though that’s not the right term. Because if this book doesn’t convince you that what you believe and think you know is merely something that your brain wants you to – and is not necessarily based on reality – then very few books can, let alone will. It’s a vicious circle we can best illustrate by taking a quote from the “Introduction” to Biased (rather than from the second chapter): This stereotypic association [between blacks and criminality] is so powerful that the mere presence of a black face, even one that appears so fleetingly we are unaware of it, can cause us to see weapons more quickly—or to imagine weapons that are not there. That’s a staggering discrepancy that, obviously, cannot be easily explained in any rational manner whatsoever. For example, when it comes to corporate leadership roles, the mental associations between whiteness and leadership have contributed to the scarcity of minorities at the helm of powerhouse corporate entities. The bias is built into the system. Eberhardt works extensively as a consultant to law enforcement and as … Color blindness promoted exactly the opposite of what was intended: racial inequality. Out-group members, are not processed as deeply or attended to as carefully. An Introduction to "Biased" by Jennifer L. Eberhardt - YouTube Photo Credit: Global Diaspora News (www.GlobalDiasporaNews.com). 12min Team | Posted on November 6, 2019 |. Pop Psychology Nonfiction Review: Biased. Eberhardt works extensively as a consultant to law enforcement and as … However, Biased is primarily about race, and primarily about the relationship between blacks and whites, not only because “the racial dynamics between blacks and whites are dramatic, consequential, and enduring,” but also because these two groups “have been studied the most by researchers investigating bias.”, “We all have ideas about race, even the most open-minded among us,” writes Eberhardt in a further delineation of the subject-matter of her book. Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD captures this tension exquisitely in her new book (releasing tomorrow, March 26), Biased. And we all suffer from this type of racial blindness, which is the by-product of the same-race advantage in the face-recognition process. She takes on the subject of bias in the context of police shootings and other instances of inherent bias … Unfortunately, it does: based on the factual data, police officers disproportionately more often both stopped and arrested black residents even in the cases when blacks and whites were stopped for precisely the same violation. 60 Second Summary: Biased – Dr Jennifer Eberhardt. Since it is implicit by definition, this discriminatory bias is difficult to be eradicated. She exposes racial bias at all levels of society—in our neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, and criminal justice system. #BLACKFRIDAY 12min - Get your career back on track! Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think and Do, by Jennifer L Eberhardt, Viking, ISBN 9780735224933, 2019, 340 pages, $28.00 hardcover. When we are forced to make quick decisions using subjective criteria, the potential for bias is great. Even thinking about talking about race can be emotionally demanding. At first, the police wondered why did the attacks targeted such a specific group of people, but, soon after, profilers unearthed the reason: the black teenagers knew that Chinese women would have problems differentiating between them and, thus, would be unable to identify them even if caught. And we teach our children to do the same through our actions, conscious or unconscious. In Biased, with a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Jennifer Eberhardt offers us insights into the dilemma and a path forward. That’s why it’s hard to eliminate it as well. Black students are significantly more likely to be disciplined for relatively minor infractions than any other group. TIME spoke with her about her new book, Biased… In a study of how white people arranged the physical space when they knew they’d be in conversation with blacks, the arrangements varied based on the subject of those chats. Jennifer L. Eberhardt is an American social psychologist and professor of psychology at Stanford University. Jennifer Lynn Eberhardt (born 1965) is an African-American social psychologist who is currently a professor in the Department of Psychology at Stanford University. Photo Credit: Global Diaspora News (www.GlobalDiasporaNews.com). To demonstrate this, Eberhardt refers to the numerous recent cases of black teens snatching purses from middle-aged Chinese women in Oakland’s Chinatown. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt, a Social Psychologist at Stanford University, suggests that these associations are bidirectional, indicating that various thoughts, emotions, and concepts are often associated to ethnicity and race. Eberhardt, a professor of social psychology at Stanford University, has penned a … Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do. Racial bias is … Kant was one of the first people to notice this, our brains have developed to help us survive, and, English football players of African descent were mocked in precisely the same manner in Bulgaria, shouldn’t be about developing colorblindness—but color braveness. The mere thought of violent crime can lead us to shift our eyes away from a white face and toward a black face. Here’s a good example: at Nextdoor.com—a social network app which connects about 200,000 US neighborhoods—even though most of the people go to sell something or find a good plumber, from time to time, a “suspicious black man” post appears. Boost your life and career with the best book summaries. People should talk about this openly and freely. Bias negatively impacts Black people in almost all parts of society. They managed to curb racial profiling by about 75%! Historically, not only are blacks less likely to be employed than whites; they have worse jobs and earn less money. “Diversity” has been a corporate watchword since before they were born. Racial bias is a problem that we all have a role to play in solving. Eberhardt works extensively as a consultant to law enforcement and as a psychologist at the forefront of this new field. J ennifer Eberhardt is a MacArthur “genius grant” winner and psychology professor at Stanford University who studies implicit bias. Those scientists of the past who found unflattering differences between blacks and other races exhibited “racial bias of the most vicious kind” (p. 134). Without the ability to track the identity of those around us, we are left alone, vulnerable, and exposed.”, “By tracking the activation of the FFA over multiple displays of strangers’ faces,” writes Eberhardt, “we found that the FFA was responding more vigorously to faces that were the same race as the study participant…. The stereotypes shadow them. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt, a Social Psychologist at Stanford University, suggests that these associations are bidirectional, indicating that various thoughts, emotions, and concepts are often associated to ethnicity and race. Eberhardt has been responsible for major contributions on investigating the consequences of the psychological association between race and crime through methods such as field studies and laboratory studies. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. And although looking black is not a crime, jurors are more likely to deliver a death sentence to black felons who have stereotypically black facial features than to those who do not, at least when their victims are white.Bias can lead to racial disparities in everything from preschool suspensions to corporate leadership. ©2019 Jennifer L. Eberhardt (P)2019 Penguin Audio What listeners say about Biased Nearly half of the students said it was to protest taxes on imported goods.”. Black defendants who hire private attorneys are almost twice as likely to have the primary charge against them reduced than are the black clients of public defenders. Stanford University social psychologist Jennifer L. Eberhardt’s enlightening new book, Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do, is a valuable contribution to our understanding of the challenging and painful interactions that surround issues of prejudice and racial bias. That cringe-worthy expression "They all look alike" has long been considered the province of being a bigot. This is not because someone is consciously discriminating against African-Americans. This, in turn, resulted in the quite expected reinforcement of the stereotype: more blacks are in prison, meaning more blacks should be in prison. Research shows that fear can be a driver of bias. Release –  The prison experience has been shown to dramatically deepen social inequality, marginalizing former inmates in almost every significant sphere. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford University. In Biased, with a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Jennifer Eberhardt offers us insights into the dilemma and a path forward. We account for only 4.4 percent of the world’s population but house 22 percent of the world’s prisoners. Pop Psychology Nonfiction Review: Biased. And two-thirds of them—meaning, four in ten Americans overall—have failed to identify “Auschwitz” as a Nazi death camp! She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign Policy's 100 Leading Global Thinkers.She is co-founder and co-director of SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to Real-World Questions), a … African Americans are more likely than any other group to live in segregated neighbourhoods. Eberhardt’s book is a deep dive on race, with a focus on how race relates to law enforcement and beyond. Pre-order your signed copy of Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do today, by either calling the store at 801-484-9100 or ordering online. In Biased, with a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Jennifer Eberhardt offers us insights into the dilemma and a path forward. Eberhardt demonstrates how this type of racial abuse is not isolated in time as well: it has a sound historical basis in many pseudoscientific theories of the 19th century that presented African-Americans as sub-humans. Eberhardt shows us how we can be vulnerable to bias but not doomed to live under its grip. Thus begins a vicious cycle: As black students pull back, their teachers may become more frustrated with them, and as the teachers’ frustration grows, those students become even more inclined to disengage or act out. In Biased, with a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Jennifer Eberhardt offers us insights into the dilemma and a path forward. Defence – Blacks are also more likely to rely on the free public defender system, which puts them at a distinct disadvantage. From 1995 to 1998 she taught at Yale University in the Departments of Psychology and African and African American Studies. The problem, it seems, is the way our human nature evolved. We place food into categories. Eberhardt did a couple of studies that uncovered that white police officers are more inclined to focus their attention on a black face after being shown a word related to criminal activity. A winner of the MacArthur Fellowship in 2014, Eberhardt is also a co-director of SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to Real-World Questions) and a member of the National Academy of Sciences ever since 2016. Blacks were disproportionately stopped even when we controlled for factors like the crime rate and the racial breakdown of residents in the areas where the stops took place. Tackling Implicit Bias Is Difficult—but Doable, “When people think about racism,” says Jennifer L. Eberhardt in an interview for Time magazine, “they’re thinking about bigots. In her 2019 book Biased, the MacArthur genius unpacked decades of research, some performed by herself and her colleagues, that helps explain how bias operates powerfully, but sometimes … That affects how blacks are seen in all manner of situations—whether sitting in a classroom or a coffee shop, whether leading a Fortune 500 company or fighting a California wildfire. Thus, the people at Nextdoor managed to delay the initial response of concerned citizens, making its users think and slowing them down. Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do - Kindle edition by Eberhardt, Jennifer L.. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. She takes on the subject of bias in the context of police shootings and other instances of inherent bias in today’s culture. Also, if there’s no truth in associating blacks with criminality, then why are so many African-Americans in prison? And one of the strongest stereotypes in American society associates blacks with criminality.”. Grab a book and BOOST your learning routine. She is, quite clearly, not just an African-American with opinions, she has a lot of detailed and scientific knowledge about how bias works. JENNIFER EBERHARDT: Yeah, but the issue with police officers is just the power that they have in their decision-making and, you know, the consequences of that bias… She takes on the subject of bias in the context of police shootings and other instances of inherent bias in today’s culture. Although blacks make up just 12 percent of the U.S. population, nearly 40 percent of the nation’s prison inmates are black. The less one has interacted with members of another race, the more they tend to generalize about that race. On March 3, 1991, Rodney King was violently beaten by LAPD officers during his arrest for fleeing and evading on California State Route 210. Racism is still a serious problem in the United States – even in the 21st century. Stanford psychology professor Jennifer Eberhardt, a MacArthur Fellow, shows how stereotypes arise and how they work in the background to shape people’s perceptions and actions. 1. Segregation is only one of the regresses we’ve witnessed during the past decade, as anyone who saw even a single video of the white supremacist march in Charlottesville, Virginia in August 2017 would testify. So young people are desperately tailoring themselves to fit into those boxes. And that’s what Eberhardt suggested Nextdoor should do: find a way to delay the posting of “suspicious black man” alerts. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign Policy's 100 Leading Global Thinkers.She is co-founder and co-director of SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to … And this goes so far that experiments have shown that white people still think, unconsciously, of black people as something almost sub-human. Just as to an average middle-aged Chinese woman all black teenagers look the same, to an average black teenager, all Chinese middle-aged women are identical as well. Eberhardt works extensively as a consultant to law enforcement and as a psychologist at the forefront of this new field. The same held true for only 1 out of 15 white people. According to studies by sociologists Lincoln Quillian and Devah Pager, the more blacks there are in a community, the higher people imagine the crime rate to be—regardless of whether statistics bear that out. The bias is built into the system. The formulas used to calculate bail often rely on factors—job stability, arrest history, family resources—that circumstantially disadvantage young black men. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. In a chapter entitled “The Scary Monster,” Eberhardt, the scientist, the race researcher, provides the reader with a superficial and emotional glance at early race science. When the police kill unarmed black suspects, those deaths are associated with a significant dip in the mental health of blacks across the entire state where those killings occurred. December 16, 2020 DoingDewey Uncategorized 11 ★★★★★ Title: Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do Author: Jennifer L. Eberhardt Source: from publisher for review Links: Bookshop (affiliate link) |Goodreads Rating: Summary: This was everything I want from pop psychology or books on race … Bias negatively impacts Black people in almost all parts of society. Back in 2000, a now well-known Stanford study revealed something quite remarkable: London cab drivers had enlarged posterior hippocampal regions (the part of the brain that plays a critical role in spatial memory and navigation) in comparison with a control group of people who didn’t drive cabs for a living. Encouraging children to remain blind to race dampened their detection of discrimination, which had ripple effects. In other words, even if you’re consciously against racists and racism, you are implicitly biased because (as numerous studies have shown) you were programmed by evolution to love the people that are like you and doubt those that are not. When the study participants were told they’d be talking in small groups about love and relationships, they set the chairs close to one another. Racial bias is a problem that we all have a role to play in solving. Eberhardt works extensively as a consultant to law enforcement and as a psychologist at the forefront of this new field. And the reason is simple: they don’t see black people the way black people see each other: they see them as natural threats. But is this not, once again, the Euthyphro dilemma at play? And the disparities themselves then bolster our biases. And how can it be any different when, to quote the words of Mindset author, Carol Dweck, “Jennifer is one of the great thinkers and one of the great voices of our time.” Dweck believes that “her book will change the conversation on race in our society–and perhaps our society itself.”We are not so optimistic, but hope for the same outcome. Bias drives what we perceive, how we think, and the actions we take. Stream and download audiobooks to your computer, tablet and iOS and Android devices. She exposes racial bias at all levels of society—in our neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, and criminal justice system. "Jennifer Eberhardt makes it clear that racism operates at all levels, and it fills me with hope to know that she is fighting it at all levels. More power to you, sister. Many factors contribute to these disparities, including the quality of the applicant’s social networks marshalled to secure employment as well as the level of education, skills, or experience certain jobs require. Eberhardt and her team analyzed about 28,000 police stops between 2013 and 2014 to see if the hypothesis described above bears a relation with reality. It’s simple to explain, but not so easy to see or to rectify. Learn more and more, in the speed that the world demands. Today, the unemployment rate for black teens and young adults is about twice as high as it is for whites. As social psychologist Gordon Allport outlined in his 1954 classic, The Nature of Prejudice , contact has a much greater chance of piercing bias when the interactions meet these conditions: Black students are nearly four times as likely to be suspended from school as their white peers, according to a study conducted by the U.S. Office for Civil Rights involving more than ninety-six thousand K–12 public schools. Even though African-Americans make up only about one-tenth of the overall population in the USA, almost half of the imprisoned men and women are African-Americans! "Implicit bias is a kind of distorting lens that's a product of both the architecture of our brains and the disparities in our society." Many people nowadays believe this, even though it is a known fact that all humans have descended from Africa and share a common ancestry. In crisp language, using research studies as well as history lessons, she demonstrates that bias against African-Americans is pervasive and longstanding. Racial bias was found both in the speed of response and in the decision whether to shoot. Research shows that talking about racial issues with people of other races is particularly stressful for whites. We’d like to invite you to download our free 12 min app for more amazing summaries and audiobooks. Like “Bias is not something we exhibit and act on all the time. Taking implicit racial bias seriously Jennifer Eberhardt insists that personal prejudice is deeply embedded, politically potent, and ultimately beatable. Biased Quotes Showing 1-14 of 14 “When the police kill unarmed black suspects, those deaths are associated with a significant dip in the mental health of blacks across the entire state where those killings occurred.” ― Jennifer L. Eberhardt, Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do 5 likes Eberhardt shows us how we can be vulnerable to bias but not doomed to live under its grip. And this process includes “a checklist of reminders” that people have to click through before they can post something about someone “suspicious”: • Focus on behavior. Each chapter examines one facet of racism, the authorial camera alternately zooming in on an episode from Kendi’s life that exemplifies it—e.g., as a teen, he wore light-colored contact lenses, wanting “to be Black but…not…to look Black”—and then panning to the history that informs it (the antebellum hierarchy that valued light skin over dark). As everybody knows, racism and implicit bias can be tackled (and have been tackled) by the process of desegregation. Do not miss out on this opportunity! When people focus on not seeing color, they may also fail to see discrimination. That correlates with fear and with bias. 60 Second Summary: Biased – Dr Jennifer Eberhardt. And he wasn’t even charged with a crime. Housing, Education, Criminal Justice, Employment etc. Back in 2016, he was shot seven times by a policeman named Jeronimo Yanez in front of the eyes of his girlfriend and 4-year-old daughter after being stopped for a traffic violation. Toby Sinclair Book Summaries June 17, 2020 June 17, 2020 7 Minutes. Jennifer Eberhardt drew from her 20-plus years of research and teaching as a Stanford University professor for her book Biased. And not merely in terms of psychology or behavior (that is, the intangibles), but also in terms of something quite visible and discernible such as appearance. 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