Do not rely on your vision as the only way to diagnose mold in your house. Volatilization and methylation of dimethylarsinic acid and methylation of arsenate and arsenite naturally occur in soil. 2013;51:393743. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the (2011). is scopulariopsis dangerous. PCR is basically the identification of mold species by DNA sequencing. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Also, another dangerous characteristic of S. brevicaulis is its capability to produce toxic volatile compound trimethylarsine from the arsenic medium. Molds require the right amount of moisture to grow, but spores can survive in very dry or cold conditions until the environment becomes moist enough for them to sprout. Primary cutaneous infection due to Microascus cirrosus - BioMed Central It can act as an opportunistic pathogen on humans and animals, and its frequently isolated primarily from human skin and nails, then from animals [2,3]. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Septate hyphae, conidiophores, annelides, and conidia are seen. Dangerous: Directed by David Hackl. Fusarium Memnoniella Penicillium Stachybotrys Scopulariopsis Ulocladium; Share this: (Visited 643 times, 1 visits today) Tags: Dangerous Mold Types, Sick Building . It causes Hyperkeratosis in black calves [17], skin infections in goats and rats, and hair loss and skin lesions [18,19]. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published a report that reviewed the drugs and drug mixtures most frequently involved in overdose deaths. 2015 Aug;59(8):5040-3. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00145-15. More information on ERMI testing. This genus is a mould that lacks a known sexual state and thus belongs to the Fungi Imperfecti. Chaetomium's ability to degrade cellulose makes them frequent colonizers on various indoor-building materials, such as planks, wallpapers, and gypsum walls. Water | Free Full-Text | Evaluation of the Richness, Species Diversity Phylum: Ascomycota The most famous of these dyes was (E):Schweinfurter green, one of several green copper-arsenic dyes that were manufactured and incorporated into wallpapers in 1810s. The biodegradation potential, the hazard posed to humans, animals, and the environment, and the effectiveness of elimination of propagules were . Species of Scopulariopsis have also been isolated from carpets, hospital floor, swimming pool; wooden food packing, shoes and wood pulp. Toggle navigation. Scopulariopsis species are sometimes encountered growing on meat in storage. We describe a case of an immunocompetent 65-year-old male with a history of mitral valve repair with prosthetic ring placement who developed acute left posterior knee pain. The red, rapidly diffusing, soluble pigment observed from the reverse is very typical. 21st Century Guidebook to Fungi . The phaeoid Scopulariopsis anamorph of M. cirrosus is an agent of onychomhycosis [542] and of a disseminated infection in a pediatric bone marrow transplant recipient [1253]. Molds and other fungi also play a very significant role in biotechnology and food science, in the production of various types of food, beverages, drugs, antibiotics, and enzymes. Unfortunately, senior citizens are also more susceptible to mold-related health problems, including onychomycosis. Scopulariopsis brumptii - conidiogenous cells develop from the hyphae either singly or in brush-like arrangements. Yu Z, Lang G, Kajahn I, Schmaljohann R, Imhoff JF (2008). Copyright 2005-2023 Bust Mold Inc. All rights reserved. Scopulariopsis colonies grow moderately rapidly and mature within 5 days. 1020 Brevik Place, Unit 1A, Mississauga, L4W 4N7. Scopulariopsis Chartarum is one of the 36 species of molds genetically identified in an index called ERMI that is an acronym for Environmental Relative Moldiness Index that uses qualitative and quantitative PCR (QPCR) analyses for fungi. Fungi and food spoilage. Filed Under: Fungi Tagged With: mould, Scopulariopsis, Salmonella food poisoning has been a growing concern in recent news. One of the most striking features of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is its association with human deaths by producing arsine gas from arsenate dyes found in wallpapers. The Memnoniella mold is riskier due to its tiny structure. Yang Q, Wei J, Chen Z (2012). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Several species have been reported as causative agents of onychomycosis and hyalohyphomycosis (Sandoval-Denis et al. is scopulariopsis dangerous is scopulariopsis dangerous. All of these species are found in food, drywall, wallpaper, wood, dust, rotten wood, and various other plant and animal products. Recently, there have been increasing number of reports of invasive infections with Scopulariopsis species in immunocompromised patients. Vesper SJ, McKinstry C, Yang C, Haugland RA, Kercsmar CM, Yike I, Schluchter MD, Kirchner HL, Sobolewski J, Allan TM, Dearborn DG (2006). An allergenic mold that can sometimes be found behind wallpaper or on painted or wooden surfaces. Scopulariopsis Brevicaulis - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics . in a mare G. NAPPERT, T. VAN DYCK*, M. PAPICH*and M. CHIRINO-TREJOt Departments of Veterinary Internal Medicine, *Veterinary Physiological Sciences and Weterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N . is scopulariopsis dangerous10 sources of family income a state without gravity. J Fungi (Basel). American Chemical Society, pp. Scopulariopsis. The fungal infection can also spread to other parts of the body and, possibly to other people as well. Mold spores are present in virtually every room of every building. They are granular to powdery in texture. New York, NY: Springer, pp 72,73. MICs of fluconazole, itraconazole, and the novel azole Syn-2869 are high, suggesting that some azoles have practically no or very limited in vitro activity against Scopulariopsis isolates [22, 1131]. HospitalInspections.org | Report Detail Studies recently showed that a triple combination of caspofungin, posaconazole, and terbinafine could be promising for treating deep tissue infections caused by Scopulariopsis species [24] and treatment with 40% urea and bifonazole [25]. It is the mold test to start with if you are unsure if you have mold or have had a leak and want to confirm or dispute the presence of mold in a particular room. Dangerous microbical pollution in workplace settings Micromycetes are important components of dust, their abudance and diversity of species often determine the degree of their destructive impact on objects of the surroundings, people and other bionts. There is some debate as to whether these moulds are primary pathogens of nails - infection usually follows trauma and in many cases they are found in nails along with a dermatophyte. Several phaeoid Scopulariopsis spp. At concentrations above 0.5 ppm, it has a garlic-like odor. The scoring system is designed to help those previously injured by water-damaged buildings. The use of essential oils could be an alternative solution to S. brevicaulis nail infections. Scopulariopsis Chartarum is one of the 36 species of molds genetically identified in an index called ERMI that is an acronym for Environmental Relative Moldiness Index that uses qualitative and quantitative PCR (QPCR) analyses for fungi. Although this phenomenon was initially associated only with S. brevicaulis, other molds found in the vicinity may also theoretically be able to release volatile arsenic compounds using the same mechanism. Mold-Specific Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (MSQPCR) is a fast and highly accurate DNA-based analytical method for identifying and quantifying molds. motorbike garage tools; scotsman b530p spec sheet; badger adjustable c table; outdoor misting fan singapore; farmacy deep sweep sephora; is scopulariopsis dangerous. While Scopulariopsis is commonly considered as a contaminant, it may cause infections in humans, particularly in . 90 (2): 297. doi:10.2307/3761306, William R. Cullen, Ronald Bentley (2005). Mycologia, 90 (2): 297-302. If there is mold growing on the wall, it is possible there is also mold growing inside the wall. Airborne Fungal Spores Counting and Analysis, Mold Inspection, Identification and Control. Species of mold that are particularly dangerous include those evaluated in the HERTSMI-2 dust test: Aspergillus penicillioides Aspergillus versicolor Chaetomium globosum Stachybotrys chartarum Wallemia sebi [14] It is however categorized as a dermatomycotic mold which is known to cause onychomycosis. Although often considered a pollutant, it can cause infection of various human systems including: Scopulariopsis species are common fungal contaminants both indoors and outdoors, but they also cause mycosis in humans, especially in immunocompromised patients. . Liang K, Leong C, Loh JM, Chan N, Lim L, Lam YI, Dawson TL Jr, Tey HL. Scopulariopsis is a large group comprised of a number of species commonly found in soil, decaying wood, and various other plant and animal products.. Scopulariopsis species in indoor environment. Microbial growth in indoor environments. is scopulariopsis dangerous tama metalworks snare 13x4 September 19, 2022. ultra pro side loading pages . Petanovi M, Tomi Paradik M, Kritof , Cvitkovi A, Topolovac Z (2010). Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is the most prevalent and significant clinical species isolated from superficial and invasive infections with this saprophytic mold. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 48(8):852-8. Acta Dermatovenerologica Croatica,18(1):8-13. Masoniella grisea is an obsolete synonym of this species. glass cosmetic bottles By On Sep 19, 2022. J Clin Microbiol. Scopulariopsis is a filamentous fungus that inhabits soil, plant material, feathers, and insects. Bookshelf Wessex: WIT Press, pp. Categories. We report on a 67-year-old woman with a rare Scopulariopsis fungus ball in the right middle lung lobe. However, it is toxic at concentrations much lower than this. Dangerous Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster In vitro antifungal susceptibility of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis isolates. Drug Recalls. Also, due to potential of entering and damaging lungs easily. is scopulariopsis dangerousgretsch vs gibson vs fender. Satratoxin H, Satratoxin G, Roridin A, Roridin H, Roridin L-2, Verrucarin J. Scientists discovered that S. brevicaulis isolated from a marine sponge produced a compound called scopularide A, significant for its specific activity against pancreatic and colon tumor cell lines [3]. Scopulariopsis sp. - EMLab Scopulariopsis is a filamentous fungus that inhabits soil, plant material, feathers, and insects. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis - Morphology, Health Issues & Treatment Supports Placement of Scopulariopsis with the Microascaceae. Meanwhile, the fungus converts the arsenate found in the paper to trimethylarsine oxide. Microascus brevicaulis is a teleomorph of this species. A normal mold spore count in a room is typically 200-500 spores. Epub 2022 Jul 22. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis 2. Scopulariopsis differs from Penicillium by forming annellides. Essential oils and their components in combating fungal pathogens of animal and human skin. resource planning software microsoft; remote control forklift with pallets and racking; alexander mcqueen card holder red; styling paste for short hair The primary health risk of aureobasidium is its ability to cause infections of eye, skin and nails. glass cosmetic bottles By On Sep 19, 2022. J Fungi (Basel). This genus is a mould that lacks a known sexual state and thus belongs to the Fungi Imperfecti. 1987. The most prevalent species was Scopulariopsis brevicaulis . Post author By Dangerous Products Blog; . . Ozturk D, Adanir R, Turutoglu H (2009). El-Hack MEA, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Dhama K (2016). Salmonella food poisoning occurs when one eats raw or undercooked foods such meat, poultry, eggs or egg products. Class: Euascomycetes All of These Things Look Kind of the Same - Chaetomium Queen Most types of indoor mold can be dangerous to human health, especially for people who have lung problems, a weakened immune system, or those who often suffer from allergies. Dehumidifiers, Hygrometers, Leak Detectors and More. Irradiation with medical diode laser as a new method of spot It is a widespread mold currently believed to contain about 100 species. Viegas C, Carolino E, , Sabino R, Viegas S, Verssimo C (2013). Dank, musty smells are the hallmark signs for mold in your house. were able to adhere to paper, using it as the sole carbon source.Scopulariopsis sp. The patient was initially thought to have pulmonary aspergillosis, on the basis of clinical signs and antigenaemia, but Aspergillus was not isolated by culture. Genetic predisposition or a weakened immune system makes a person more susceptible to diseases caused by even small amounts of mold.. PMID 15693178, De Hoog, G. S., J. Guarro, J. Gene, and M. J. Figueras. It can trigger asthma attacks. At 37C (98.6F), it can grow limitedly, while at 5C (41F), the growth entirely stops [6]. [2] Saprobes are a group of fungi that act as decomposers, feeding on dead and decaying wood, leaves, and other organic matter. A fatal case of disseminated Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection in an allogeneic stem cell transplant recipient is described. This condition becomes very dangerous when it leads to . Scopulariopsis sp. - 204060 | ATCC Also, S. brevicaulis holds the potential to be used as a bioremediation agent. (c and e) Conidiophores. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puawy, 53 (3): 361-363. These infections are highly mortal [1581, 1629]. The invention discloses Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and application thereof. (C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii. Skora M, Macura AB, Bulanda M (2014). And yet, were it not for the mold that inspired the discovery of penicillin millions of lives would have been lost. Typically, it takes 2-4 weeks for the cream to work, but it may work more quickly if the infection is mild. These colonies are bluish-gray-green at center and white at the periphery. Very limited data are available. Anywhere between 1-1500 mold spores in a room is normal and safe as long as mold colonies are not visibly growing and no water damage is present. StandAgro Kft. It is distributed worldwide. It can grow on material with a high cellulose content, such as fiberboard, gypsum board, and paper. Check with your doctor before deciding to do the work yourself if you are experiencing mold-related health problems. Anamorph (asexual state): Scopulariopsis, Wardomyces. 24) Stachybotrys chartarum. Fitoterapia, 71:567-569. Antifungal properties of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil ethyl cinnamate chemotype. have been reported. 26) Wallemia sebi. . Invasive Scopulariopsis alboflavescens infection in patient with acute These annellides produce the oval or ellipsoidal, darkly pigmented annelloconidia. It can also be found in nonfat dried milk, butter, cheese, salami, bacon, and luncheon meats [4,6,10]. Baltimore 2010. Most of the hundreds of sub-species are allergenic with only a few that are toxic. is scopulariopsis dangerous. Exposure to mold spores (both toxigenic or non-toxic) usually results in an instant allergic reaction, such as runny nose, watering eyes, skin rash, headache, hay fever, sneezing, wheezing, nasal congestion, etc. Download the industry-standard guidelines that Mold Busters use in their own mold removal services, including news, tips and special offers: document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Written by:Aleksandra ZebeljanMycologistMold Busters, Edited by:Dusan SadikovicMycologist MSc, PhDMold Busters. As it ages, it typically turns a darker brown color. It is among the fungi that cause onychomycosis especially of the toe nails. Occurrence of Scopulariopsis and Scedosporium in nails and keratinous skin. In the tree, the branch lengths are proportional to phylogenetic distance. The most prevalent Dogo Argentino is also known as the Argentinean Mastiff. (ed). Complete this form to request this certificate of analysis. Chlamydospores may be present occasionally. A sexual form called Microascus brevicaulis has recently been identified. S. danica is an obsolete synonym of this species. Noteworthy, terbinafine appears synergistic with azoles against Scopulariopsis brevicaulis isolates [1990]. Scopulariopsis is a large group comprised of a number of species commonly found in soil, decaying wood, and various other plant and animal products. They are among the fungi that cause onychomycosis, a fungal infection of the nails. Yao L, Wan Z, Li R, Yu J (2015). is scopulariopsis dangerous is scopulariopsis dangerous Treatment is more difficult in people over the age of 65 and they may not respond well to the typical medications. Sistotrema- Common on wet decaying window or door joinery . Unless necessary . S. brevicaulis var. Anywhere between 1-1500 mold spores in a room is normal and safe as long as mold colonies are not visibly growing and no water damage is present. It has been found to grow on all kinds of decomposing organic matter, and it thrives on materials that contain high levels of protein, such as meat and cheese that ripen. At 37C, Penicillium marneffei colonies are cream to slightly pink in . New Era Atlanta Braves Fitted Hat, Dermatology, 202(3):235-8. The most common species found indoors are 1. 2021 Mar 9;7(3):192. doi: 10.3390/jof7030192. is scopulariopsis dangerous is scopulariopsis dangerous. Species Scopulariopsis brevicaulishas macroscopic characteristics of colonies which is granular surface to powder texture. Scopulariopsisspecies are usually isolated from hospital floors, carpets, swimming pools, wooden food packaging, shoes, and ligneous pulp. ( Sacc.) nov., the Teleomorph of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Supports Placement of Scopulariopsis with the Microascaceae. Several species of Scopulariopsis have teleomorphs which are classified in the genus Microascus. Hamarosan lesz itt valami! Use caution when looking for mold. Ninety-nine isolates of clinical origin, tentatively identified as Scopulariopsis or Microascus, were morphologically and molecularly characterized by a combined analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the 28S rRNA gene and a fragment of the elongation factor 1- gene (EF1-) sequences. No special precautions other than general laboratory precautions are required. The most widespread and common species is Chaetomium globosum. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. This was discovered after numerous people poisoning in their homes. A reformed sociopath journeys to a remote island to investigate the mystery behind his brother's demise, but soon ends up facing off with more than he bargained for. Agents of hyalohyphomycosis are commonly found in soil, polluted waters, and decaying organic materials worldwide and are important plant pathogens. Many kinds of mold look similar to this one. Cambridge University Press. Bacterial Pathogens. The whole story started when arsenate dyes were formulated to be used in wallpapers. Conidiophores are hyphae-like and simple or branched. The theory and research is based on the fact that mattresses made for infants contain three chemicals. Health Problems Related to Scopulariopsis. S. brevicaulis grows readily in saline mediums (0.1-1 M NaCl) [13]. Otter Bay Books. Arsenic compounds in the marine polychaete Arenicola marina collected from Odense Fjord, Denmark were determined by HPLC-ICPMS.In contrast to most other marine animals, A. marina contained most of its water soluble arsenic as inorganic forms, arsenite (58%) and arsenate (16%), and arsenobetaine was present as a minor constituent (6%) only. In Environmental impact (Brebbia and Chon eds). Legal help for victims of dangerous products. which black molds are harmless? dove moisture boost hyaluronic serum real techniques enchanted audio interface setup. With Scott Eastwood, Kevin Durand, Famke Janssen, Tyrese Gibson. Gupta AK, Gregurek-Novak T (2001). Foot fungus: Types and treatments - Medical News Today Search for: Close search. Species of Scopulariopsis have also been isolated from carpets, hospital floor, swimming pool; wooden food packing, shoes . We today know the whole mechanism of the production of this gas. Abbott SP, Sigler L (2001). CN103013841A - Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and application thereof The .gov means its official. Garzoli L, Bozzetta E, Varello K, Cappelleri A, Patriarca E, Debernardi P, Riccucci M, Boggero A, Girometta C, Picco AM. Surviving Mold: Life in the Era of Dangerous Buildings. Jackson provides how-to advice on mould and bacteria issues. Redefining. This disseminated infection affects different organs like the heart, lungs, kidneys, thorax, skin, and blood in patients with different types of leukemia [8,15]. is scopulariopsis dangerous - top1dna.com Menu. We are exposed to mold every day. Properly cooked food can get contaminated with Salmonella if [], Legionella pneumophila is aGram negative, aerobic bacteria that is characterized as anopportunistic pathogen. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Rhinosinal Infection in a Dog. Scopulariopsis trigonospora, the anamorph of Microascus trigonosporus, is an agent of fatal pneumonia in a bone marrow transplant recipient [1555]. Scale bars = 10 m. All types of mold can cause damage to your home and this one is no exception. Scopulariopsis species are common fungal contaminants both indoors and outdoors, . A small number of species of Scopulariopsis have teleomorphs that are typically known as fruiting bodies and are classified in the genus Microascus. 1994 Honda Fourtrax 300 Oil Capacity, Where can Scopulariopsis brevicaulis be found? brilliant evolution led lights; carhartt men's loose fit heavyweight short-sleeve pocket henley t-shirt The scope included: assessment of microbiological contamination of the historical . In order to protect both your home and your health, youll need to remove the mold from your home as soon as possible. Although I don't know if 16,500 is dangerous for you, I can say with some confidence that those levels are not normal. It has frequently lead to recalls of beef, salads and organic products and, even peanut butter products. Scopulariopsis mold in the home Scopulariopsis is a very common, fast-growing mold that is usually brown in color but can range from white or cream to gray or black. glabra is an obsolete synonym of this species. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (22 indoor isolates) and Microascus melanosporus (19 indoor isolates) are the most common indoor species, in number of isolates, followed by M. paisii (8 indoor isolates . Penicillium marneffei is thermally dimorphic and produces filamentous, flat, radially sulcate colonies at 25C. Find out more exciting mold stats and facts inside our mold statistics page. It has not been reported to produce mycotoxins [6], but growing on an arsenic medium can produce a poisonous compound [7]. Disseminated Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection in an allogeneic stem It cuts through like solid silver. Piraccini BM, Bruni F, Alessandrini A, Starace M (2015). If you're new here, you may want to subscribe to my RSS feed. It was firstly described in 1882 as Penicillium brevicaule by Saccardo and renamed Scopulariopsis brevicaulis by Bainier in 1907 [1]. Two likely routes of human infection have been identified: respiratory ( 4, 18, 61) and integumentary ( 16, 49 ). The fungus converts the arsenate found in the paper into trimethylarsine oxide. Follow this link to find experienced mold remediation professionals offering free consultations in your neighborhood. Microbiological Methylation of Arsenic. Download scientific diagram | Direct examination of the fungal ball: evidence of septate hyphae and globose to pyriform truncate spores evoking Scopulariopsis spp. Here is more information about common mold-related health problems. From the front, colour is white at the beginning and later it turns grey or light brown. Degrades cotton, textiles, and paper products and causes color deterioration. Allergenic Molds " causing allergic sensitization, which is an immune response from the human body. It is found growing on all kinds of decomposing organic matter, and flourishes on materials containing a high level of protein, such as meat and ripening cheese. When you suspect a mold contamination, you should get a professional mold test to see what species of mold you are dealing with and call a mold removal expert to help you remove them safely. government site. Risk factors for ascariasis infection include living in and/or . The genus Scopulariopsis is unique in that it contains both moniliaceous (hyaline) and dematiaceous species, with several being clinically significant. Penicillium brevicaule is an obsolete synonym of this species. Growth occurs when there is moisture from water damage, water leaks, condensation, water infiltration, or flooding. Penicillium, Scopulariopsis into the air (Cox and Wathes, 1995; Maeir et al., 2002). A number of species of Scopulariopsis are of importance in medical fields, having been implicated in infection of nails. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Find out more exciting mold stats and facts inside our mold statistics page. CBS Laboratory Manual Series 2. Scopulariopsis Species - Doctor Fungus He is a member of the Mycological Society of America. is scopulariopsis dangerous - bigbestcanada.com Indoors, Scopulariopsis can be found on wallpaper, drywall, wood and dust from mattresses. This group of species typically grows with the humidity in the air as its water source. S. brevicaulis consumes the starch from the wallpaper. Journal of Medical Mycology 31(2):101118. PDF CPSC Statement on mold and mycotoxins health effects Cladosporium Species Recovered from Clinical Samples in the United States. Conidia are white to brown, subglobose, smooth or with ornamented texture, dimensions 6-9 x 5.5 m [6,9] (Fig. The annellides are arranged in 'brushlike' clusters, very similar to Penicillium. Case presentation A 17-year-old female presented with tender ulceration on her left ankle for three months. Fungal degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and its application in bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soil. Ogawa S, Shibaharay T, Sanoz A, Kadotax K, Kuboy M (2008). A common health problem caused by scopulariopsis is onychomycosis, an infection of the fingernails and toenails. Aspergillus and Penicillium were also recovered (3-14%), co-occurring with S. brevicaulis in utero and at hatching (Table 1). is scopulariopsis dangerous - estadoingravitto.com It can degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the environmental pollutant that in a larger amount originates from wildfires, and combustion of other biofuels such as dung or crop residues. The antifungal susceptibilities of the isolates to eight drugs were tested in vitro, with all the drugs generally showing poor activity. They thrive in many various types of conditions even when you do not see them. In indoor environment Scopulariopsis is found on damp walls, cellulose board and wallpaper; wood; floor and mattress dust. ; Parasites cause ascariasis as they proceed through their life cycle in humans. This raises LH. Abbott). doi:10.1080/13693780601103080. Determining which mycotoxins are produced by which genus is difficult. Jackson has analyzed thousands of mould samples from across Canada. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is by far the commonest species encountered in indoor environment.