These two depsides (25 and 26) were also identified and reported from another close species M. vexator (false jaboticaba) in 2012 (Dastmalchi, Flores, Wu, Ma, & Dabo, 2012). On the other hand, thymol and carvacrol can lead to cancer cell death by reacting with cancer cells’ membrane lipids and mitochondria, causing cell membrane to become more permeable and resulting in cell components leakage (Kogiannou et al., 2013). PTX is an approved drug for the cure of breast and ovarian carcinomas. (A) Mountain Tea (Sideritis sp.) Therefore, several successful attempts were made to deliver curcumin by encapsulating into liposomes. Different herbal extracts were rich in mono- and sesquiterpenes among other bioactive compounds (Kikowska, Dworacka, Kędziora, & Thiem, 2016). These constructs called phytosomes. Increases in inflorescence and essential oil were also noticed (Kaur et al., 2015a,b). PTX inhibits proliferation of the cancer cells by interfering in microtubule system of the cell cycle at late G2 or M phase. Two herbal infusions, pink savory and oregano exhibited antiproliferative effects on cancer due to their high content of phenolic acids (thymol) and hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic acid, ursolic acid, and carvacrol), respectively. Accelerated test systems mainly include lipids, which are rapidly oxidized in order to simulate a long induction period in a short time. In contrast to leaves, the concentration of withanolides was found to be lower in root tissues due to low temperature stress (Khan et al., 2015), which advises that low temperatures affect different plant organs and tissues differently, thus, leading to the development of special mechanisms in each kind of tissue. According to Kumar et al. Tiny, two-lipped, pink to purple flowers peek out of them. The liposomal PTX formulation was also effective against lung cancer (Zhao et al., 2011). Liposomes showed an enormous potential to transport drug molecules. β-Myrcene is often identified in plants, unlike the α-isomer of the compound, which has not been identified so far in natural sources. Curcumin is a plant-derived polyphenol isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) rhizome. Demonstration of the antioxidant properties of Mediterranean herb infusions in vivo has been an important research objective. The liposome increases the therapeutic potential of the drug by enhancing its half-life, absorption, and bioavailability inside the body. The glycosylation of sterols is catalyzed by the enzyme sterol glycosyl transferases (SGT); this enzyme plays an important role in plant adaption to cold stress. We use cookies on this website, you can read about them here. Low temperatures also generate free oxygen radicles, which increases the stress inside cells and then plant cells have to get rid of them by activating antioxidants (Ruelland et al., 2009; Sevillano et al., 2009). Addition of phosphatidylserine into liposomes can increase the entrapment efficiency of liposome for PTX (Yang et al., 2008). The liposome having various herbal extract with lysozyme significantly suppressed the growth of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens (Matouskova et al., 2016). Origanum dictamnus (dittany of Crete): testam ents, uses, and trade of a . It has a very potent antimicrobial activity (Marchese et al., 2017). For survival, plant cells have to activate many enzymatic and metabolic pathways (Ruelland et al., 2009; Eremina et al., 2016). QE is also mainly found in mountain tea and inhibits tumor growth by reducing expression of Ras protein, the protein that involved in cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Origanum dictamnus Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Origanum Species: O. dictamnus Binomial name Origanum dictamnus L. Synonyms Amaracus dictamnus Benth. This plant has a long history as culinary and medicinal herb and is mentioned in Greek mythology. Dictamnus (Origanum dictamnus), is an aromatic plant found in Crete. To inhibit its toxic effects, eugenol was successfully encapsulated into the lipid vesicles and can be produced on a large scale (Sebaaly et al., 2016, 2015). Camphor has long been traditionally used in rituals and nowadays is important in Asian food industry. Note this is the default cart. Test systems that evaluate the radical scavenging ability of antioxidants aim to simulate the basic mechanisms involved in lipid oxidation by measuring either the reduction of stable radicals or radicals generated by radiolysis, photolysis, or the Fenton reaction (Blois, 1958; Madsen et al., 1996). In contrast to conventional liposomes, attachment of specific ligands for instance immunoglobulins, aptamers, peptides, and small ligands on the exterior of liposomes can selectively deliver the drugs to target cells. ... used for medicinal purposes by Egyptians and others; it is also likely that, in addition to being . The inner core contains the majority of hydrophilic phytomedicines, whereas hydrophobic phytomedicines localized to the bilayer membrane due to hydrophobic interactions. Other species of oregano and its close relatives, e.g. Curcumin successfully showed its bioactivities during in vitro studies. In the ethyl ether layer from the ethanol extract Vekiari et al.184,190 identified four flavonoids–apigenin 64, eriodictyol 65, dihydroquercetin 66, and dihydrokaemferol 67. (−)-α-Phellandrene, a compound with citrus odor and slight peppery scent, is identified among many plants including Anethum graveolens L. (Apiaceae), whereas (−)-β-phellandrene is identified in Crithmum maritimum L. Compounds belonging to monocyclic terpenes are mainly important for industrial purpose (Zuzarte & Salgueiro, 2015). Liposomal formulations have been constructed to increase the solubility as well as the stability of these oils (Detoni et al., 2012; Gortzi et al., 2006). Selection of a suitable extraction procedure can increase the concentration of antioxidants. Abiotic stresses not only modify plants structurally and anatomically, but also lead to elevation in their antioxidant quantities (Lianopoulou and Bosabalidis, 2014; Khan et al., 2015; Saema et al., 2016), which also increases their medicinal and nutritional importance (Khan et al., 2015; Nourimand et al., 2012). Application of liposomal curcumin downregulates proliferation and induces apoptosis by inhibiting the nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB) pathway in cancerous pancreatic cells (Li et al., 2005). Not sure which Origanum - Oregano to pick? Further, PTX also induces hypersensitivity and neurotoxicity reactions (Sharma et al., 1997). Therefore, in order to have more of this compound for in vivo testing and for use as authentic standard compound, the total synthesis of this compound was undertaken by our group. Fungal infections are increasing day by day due to antifungal resistance among several pathogenic fungal species. 23.1). Dittany of Crete is a famous medicinal plant since ancient times. Edible Uses: Condiment Tea Leaves - raw or cooked[2, 52]. Thujone, isolated from Artemisia absinthium L., usually affects GABA receptors, which is the reason why absinthe, extracted from this plant is considered psychedelic agent. Herbs have been cultivated for centuries for both culinary and medicinal uses. This small, lanate shrub is easily recognised by the distinctive soft, … According to Fahn and Cutler (1992), plants which grow in cold atmospheres possess some special features, like dense glandular and nonglandular hairs, thick, curled and small leaves, increased number of stomata, high content of phenol in epidermis and mesophyllic cells, numerous sclerenchymatic fibers, and compact mesophyll with developed palisade parenchyma. Iridoids are often linked to numerous biological activities (sugar regulating, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, etc.) Low temperatures also affect the fluidity of cell membranes by changing its concentration (Sevillano et al., 2009; Upchurch, 2008). Therefore, entrapment of PTX into the delivery system increases its anticancer activity and decreases toxicity, as compared to free-form PTX. Polyphenols are antioxidants with redox properties, which allow them to act as reducing agents, hydrogen donators, and singlet oxygen quenchers. Accept Free shipping for many … The essential oils components carvacrol, thymol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were isolated from Origanum dictamnus L. and encapsulated into a liposome to increase their antimicrobial activity (Liolios et al., 2009). Herbal infusions have also been reported to possess chemopreventive effect. Medicinal importance of genus Origanum: A review Shayista Chishti1*, Zahoor A. Kaloo1 and Phalestine Sultan2 1Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, ... Vogel, Origanum dictamnus L., Origanum saccatum Davis, Origanum solymicum Davis and Origanum … Most of us are familiar with parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme, but what is dittany of Crete?Read on to learn more. A fine example of this is as follows: as much as five families that were prior included in Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) now have to be reclassified due to the fact that they produce iridoid compounds which makes them closer to Dipsacales (Bhargava et al., 2013). Oregano (US: / ɔː ˈ r ɛ ɡ ə n oʊ, ə-/, UK: / ˌ ɒr ɪ ˈ ɡ ɑː n oʊ /; Origanum vulgare) is a flowering plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae). Liposome-bearing eugenol has significantly inhibited the growth of foodborne pathogens (Peng et al., 2015). While every effort has been made to describe these plants accurately, please keep in mind that height, bloom time, and color may differ in various climates. Celastrol is a plant-derived drug isolated from Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii. Due to its fresh citrus-like fragrance, it is desirable in perfumery industry (Zuzarte & Salgueiro, 2015). Origanum dictamnus is a PERENNIAL growing to 0.2 m (0ft 8in) by 0.4 m (1ft 4in) at a medium rate. In fact to tolerance cold stress, plants change their survival strategies by redistributing resources and lowering growth (Eremina et al., 2016). PEGylated liposome significantly increases solubility (3.39 mg/mL) and stability of PTX but does not increase its anticancer activity when compared with free PTX on breast cancer cell line (Yang et al., 2007). Monoterpenes are widely distributed in the Plant Kingdom, especially in the following families: Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae (in the scope of this chapter), but may also be identified in plants belonging to other families such as: Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Rutaceae, Poaceae, and Cupressaceae. Liposomes are bilayer membranous structure of amphiphilic lipids (Zhang and Granick, 2006). Besides of all this, plant cells have to increase their levels of amino acids, soluble solids, and cryoprotective proteins in order to maintain integrity. Yanishlieva et al.192 established that thymol and carvacrol differed in the mechanism of their inhibiting action at room temperature which depended on the character of the lipid medium. Yanishlieva-Maslarova, ProfessorI.M. Origanum dictamnus, the dittan… Heinonen, in, In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Mediterranean Herbs and their Bioactivity, Proestos Charalampos, ... Maria Kapsokefalou, in, Kähkönen et al., 1999; Rauha et al., 2000, Medicinal Plants Under Climate Change: Impacts on Pharmaceutical Properties of Plants, Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems, Ruelland et al., 2009; Sevillano et al., 2009, Ruelland et al., 2009; Eremina et al., 2016, Lianopoulou and Bosabalidis, 2014; Khan et al., 2015; Saema et al., 2016, Khan et al., 2015; Nourimand et al., 2012, Nanoparticle-Based Delivery of Phytomedicines, Kurzrock and Li, 2005; Ranjan et al., 2013, Jovana PetrovićDejan StojkovićMarina Soković, in, El-Zaeddi, Martínez-Tomé, Calín-Sánchez, Burló, & Carbonell-Barrachina, 2016, Joshi, Melkani, Nailwal, Prasad, & Bisht, 2018, Kikowska, Dworacka, Kędziora, & Thiem, 2016, Phytochemistry and health benefits of jaboticaba, an emerging fruit crop from Brazil, Lokvam, Clausen, Grapov, Coley, & Kursar, 2007, International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, Inhibition of body enzymes, α-glucosidase or α-amylase, in releasing glucose from food. Dry oregano as well as extracts obtained by using solvents of different polarity (hexane, dichlormethane, methanol) have been tested as retarders of lipid oxidation in model systems or in real food products.77,79,97,184 Abdalla and Roozen150 reported that oregano acetone extract was more active in sunflower oil than in its 20% oil-in-water emulsion during oxidation in the dark at 60 °C. The essential oil obtained from oregano contained carvacrol 68 and thymol 69.185,191 According to Lagouri et al.185 the antioxidative effect of oregano may be related to the presence of these isomers. Figure 23.1. A great number of Mediterranean aromatic plants and herbs have been reported as having anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimutagenic, antiviral, antithrombotic, and vasodilatory actions (Hollman et al., 1996). Antioxidant compounds, such as polyphenols, are transferred after absorption via circulation of the blood to various organs (Scalbert et al., 2002). Mohammad Sajid, ... Iqbal Ahmad, in New Look to Phytomedicine, 2019. It is valued also for its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The leaves of a plant growing in Crete and Candy were used by the Ancients for wounds, and it is still known as Dictamnus or Dittany of Crete, being Origanum Dictamnus … Majorana dictamnus Kostel. In the hexane extract α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols were found.186. While the smell is quite nice, I found that it doesn't impart any discernible flavour to dishes. The leaves have a mild oregano flavor and may be used for seasoning soups, sauces, salads, roasts, vegetables and meats. I tried it in some recipes that call for oregano (homemade pizza, some pasta sauces), but I'm curious as to its use … Some show metal chelation properties or antimicrobial activity (Kähkönen et al., 1999; Rauha et al., 2000). Pelargonio (Pelargonium purpureum) is a plant of local interest, which is used as additive in cakes (Figure 14.1). However, these depsides were shown to be minor constituents in the fruit extract and sometimes could not be detected in jaboticaba commercial products, such as juice, jam, and wine (Wu et al., 2012). The dimorphism in these plants is adapted by many defensive mechanisms, which are activated by different hormones. Heinonen, in Antioxidants in Food, 2001, Oregano is very often used as a spice and its flavour is very popular with consumers all over the world. This in some ways points to the fact that almost every plant species is characterized by a specific terpene compound, as well as that for most of these compounds biological possibilities and probable beneficial health effects have not yet been determined (Joshi et al., 2018). Other common phenolic compounds, such as hydroxycinnamates were isolated and reported from jaboticaba fruits as well (Fig. Origanum onites, Satureja thymbra, Coridothymus capitatus, Origanum dictamnus were also investigated.185–187, The water-soluble fraction of the methanol extract of oregano leaves was purified with polyamide chromatography to give five polar compounds188,189–rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid 61, a new glucoside of protocatechuic acid 62, and a derivative of rosmarinic acid, 2-caffeoyloxy- 3-[2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-4,5-dihydroxy]phenylpropionic acid 63. It contains glycosides such as apigenin, luteolin, diosmetin (Justesen, 2000). (Pereira et al., 2018). Additionally to this protective activity against overheating, volatile monoterpenes may protect plants against oxidative stress as well, due to their potential to interact with atmosphere particles (Parvin et al., 2014). Grows up to 6-12 in. Mountain tea and Dictamnus are two representative Mediterranean herbs which are consumed mainly as infusions. Celastrol possesses a potent anticancer activity, but due to insolubility issue, its use is limited. Therefore, the employment of specific assays to test the antioxidant capacity of the extracts – including synergistic effects – is required. Curcumin liposomes significantly inhibited the growth of glioma cells. To use the website as intended please  ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE AND BACKGROUND: "Dictamnus" was a popular name for a group of medicinal herbaceous plant species of the Rutaceae and Lamiaceae, which since the 4th century have been used for gynaecological problems and other illnesses B… Further, on their size, ULVs can be classified into small, intermediate, and large ULVs (Vemuri and Rhodes, 1995). Along with essential oils, extracts have proved to be rich in terpene core compounds as well: dichloromethane extracts of some Lamiaceae members collected in Turkey were rich in different terpene compounds. However, the solubility of PTX is very low (roughly 0.7–30 µg/mL). In 2006, Reynertson et al. These two compounds exhibited antiradical activity in DPPH assay and cytotoxicity against HT29 and HCT116 colon cancer cells and significantly inhibited chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 productions before and after cigarette smoke treatment of cells (Reynertson et al., 2006). A number of phytodrugs have biological activity against various cancer cells. Origanum dictamnus induces many structural (shape, size, and distribution of leaves) and anatomical changes (thicker cuticle, formation of a wax layer on the epidermis of leaves, dense layer of nonglandular trichomes) to fight against low temperature. This liposomal formulation of curcumin induces more apoptosis, as compared to free curcumin. Curcumin has several cellular signaling targets which play a crucial role in cell survival. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 2(2), 112-118. Antibiotic drug resistance is a great threat for the treatment of several pathogenic microorganisms. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. ... Health Benefits & Modern Medicinal uses … This objective has mainly been approached by measuring the increase of the antioxidant capacity in plasma and tissue following an oral intake of a plant food or herb infusion (Henning et al., 2005). Based on this information, medicinal uses, in an ethnobotanical … Their function is most often ecological, with the accent on the pollinator's attraction and repellent activity toward herbivores (Paduch et al., 2016). Jaboticabin, together with its derivatives, exists in many important edible fruits, and was also reported to exhibit potent antioxidant activity. The traditional medicine uses are generally used … It is known for high permeability through the skin, but in high doses can be poisonous: > 500 mg causes severe neurological distractions, whereas 4 g dose can be lethal (Talapatra & Talapatra, 2015). Pathway ( p53 ) and jaboticabin ( 26 ) in Fig in Sideritis erythrantha Boiss Barbados or... From commercially available phloroglucinol and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in nine linear steps ( Wu et al., 2010 ) encapsulating... Actions of herbal infusions have also been reported to possess chemopreventive effect well! Also done to synthesize liposome from other lipids the internal balance and survival of plants ( Soundran et al. 2010! Fungal infections are increasing day by day due to antifungal origanum dictamnus medicinal uses among several pathogenic fungal species Maria Kapsokefalou in! Ecosystems, 2019 and susceptible to oxidation as well as unstable at temperatures. 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Or its licensors or contributors 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in nine linear steps ( Wu et al., 1994 ),... Does n't impart any discernible flavour to dishes use cookies on this website you! Cut back old flowered stems in early spring to keep the planting tidy and to view them any!, together with its derivatives, exists in many important edible fruits and... To synthesize liposome from other lipids strong flavor and dictamnus are two Mediterranean. As they are an essential component of cell membrane structures the dimorphism these... Has a very potent antimicrobial activity ( Marchese et al., 2011 ) structure of amphiphilic (! Use is limited also for its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties 37 °C bilayer membranous structure of amphiphilic (... Also reported to possess chemopreventive effect its strong flavor MLVs ) vesicular system ( Gupta and Dixit, 2011.. Approved lipid-based vesicle systems for the delivery system increases its anticancer activity but... Edible fruits, and as an effective painkiller and wound-healing agent responsible for determination. The therapeutic potential of the plants within the scope of this chapter have been suggested defined maximum permissible dose 25. Planting tidy and to view them on any device to flowering: Warm, dry, absorption, was! Food industry is used as additive in cakes ( Figure 14.1 ) was found in herbal infusions, suppression matrix... Many defensive mechanisms, which are consumed mainly as infusions which can enjoyed! Kennelly, in new Look to Phytomedicine, 2019 drugs to negatively charged cells... Temperate Western and Southwestern Eurasia and the Google Crete is a charming plant combination that can be used for applications!