One difference between the two photosynthetic processes is that C3 plants need carbon dioxide, whereas C4 plants only need a limited amount. 3. THE initial CO2 acceptor of the C3 pathway is Ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate (RuBP) while C4 and CAM pathway is Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Examples are maize, sorghum, and sugarcane. No.C3 PlantsC4 Plants1C3 plants uses C3 cycle or Calvin cycle for dark reaction of photosynthesis.C4 plants uses C4 cycle or Hatch-Slack Pathway for the dark reaction of photosynthesis.2Examples of C3 plants: Wheat, Rye, Oats, Rice, Cotton, Sunflower, Chlorella.Examples of C4 plants: Maize, Sugarcane, Sorghum, Amaranthus.3First stable product in C3 cycle is a 3 carbon (3C) compound – Phosphoglyceric Acid (PGA).First stable product in C4 cycle is a 4 carbon (4C) compound – Oxaloacetic Acid (OAA).4C3 plants are cool season plants, commonly seen in cool and wet areas.C4 plants are warm season plants, commonly seen in dry areas.5Majority of plants on earth are C3 plants (~95% of total green plants).C4 plants are less in number (about ~5%).6C3 plants are abundant in temperate conditions.C4 plants are abundant in tropical conditions.7Leaves of C3 plants do not have Kranz anatomy.Leaves of C4 plants show Kranz Anatomy.8In C3 plants, the bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts.In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts.9In C3 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes place only at one place.In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice (one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells).10C3 plants possess only one CO2 acceptor.C4 plants possess two CO2 acceptors (primary acceptor and secondary acceptor).11The atmospheric CO2 acceptor in C3 plants is RuBP (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate).The first CO2 acceptor (primary acceptor or atmospheric CO2 acceptor) in C4 plants is PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate)12No secondary CO2 acceptor in C3 plants.The secondary acceptor of CO2 (metabolic CO2 acceptor) in C4 plants is RuBP.13In C3 plants, the complete steps of dark reaction takes place in the mesophyll cells only.In C4 plants, the mesophyll cells will only do the initial steps of C4 cycle. 2. Approx 95% of plants on the earth are C3 plants. C3 plants are cool season plants, commonly seen in cool and wet areas. C3 cycle is the first described dark reaction pathway. @. Calvin cycle helps plants to store energy for a more extended period. C3 plants : Mesophyll. Photorespiration is altogether absent in C4 plants (if present very little). C3, C4 and CAM are the three different processes that plants use to fix carbon during the process of photosynthesis. This pathway was worked out by Hatch and Slack (1966). Methods of distinguishing between C3 and C4 plants using carbon isotope data have enabled scientists to probe evolutionary aspects associated with Africa’s great herbivorous mammals. C3 plants have a higher rate of photorespiration, whereas C4 plants have a lower rate of photorespiration. Both C3 and C4 plants synthesize carbohydrates. 3 Anthers from bisexual flowers are removed and this act of removing anther is called emasculation and then flower is covered with a paper bag to prevent contamination from unwanted pollens . 1. Hence the C4 cycle is also called Hatch- Slack cycle. C4 plants examples are corn, sorghum, sugarcane, millet, and Panicum virgatum switchgrass. During photosynthesis, the light reaction is followed by the dark reaction. Enzymes of C4 metabolism are regulated by light. 2. Inside the bundle-sheath cells, malate breaks down and releases a molecule of CO2. C3 plants don’t have an adaptation of reduction in photorespiration, but C4 plants have a tendency to reduce the rate of photorespiration. Mesophyll cell, Mesophyll cell. C4 plants have more carbon dioxide than C3 plants. Inside the bundle-sheath cells, malate breaks down and releases a molecule of CO, 3. Types of plants that experience the C3 cycle are mesophytic, hydrophytic, and xerophytic while those for C4 are mesophytic and CAM are xerophytic. C3 Plants have less modularity than C4 plants. Here is a discussion of various factors. Pro Lite, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 12. Hence it is called C4 cycle. C4 plants have better robustness no matter the objective function is biomass synthesis or  CO, Yes, there are the following similarities in C, plants are more productive and efficient. Main Difference – C3 vs C4 plants C3 and C4 plants are two types of plants using C3 and C4 cycles during the dark reaction of photosynthesis respectively. Originated about 12 million years ago. Photorespiration is a light dependent process which occurs in C3 plants. If one want to identify these plants morphologically, then the most important point is the climate or area as C4 plants are grown in hot, dry climates whereas C3 plants are found in cool and wet areas. Therefore engineering C4 feature into C3 plants has been suggested as a feasible way to increase photosynthesis and yield of C3 plants, such as rice, wheat, and potato. O2 can bind to Rubisco instead of CO2. Leaves of C4 plants possess Kranz anatomy. C4 plants are warm season plants, commonly seen in dry areas (tropical areas). The photosynthesis essential involves the synthesis of carbohydrates with atmospheric carbon dioxide, water and energy obtained from the sunlight. Very few plants (~5%) on earth are C4 type. Majority of the plants (~95%) on earth are C3 type. C3 plants carry out the Calvin cycle and produce three-carbon compound as the first stable product while the C4 plants carry out C4 mechanism and produce four carbon compound as the first stable product. It is opposite to photosynthesis because during this process uptake of O2 and release of CO2 take place. In the C4 cycle, double carbon fixation occurs. C3 species also tend to generate less bulk than C4 species; however, feed quality is often higher than C4 gras… Examples of C4 plants: Maize, Sugarcane, Sorghum, Amaranthus. For more biology study materials like this, you can download the … There are also a few similarities between the C3 and C4 plants: Both the plants fix energy from sunlight. In this way, O2 reduces C3 plant photosynthetic efficiency and water use efficiency. Hello dear Bagging is a process used in plant breeding to prevent self pollination in bisexual flowers . Plants that use CAM photosynthesis gather sunlight during the day and fix carbon dioxide molecules at night. C3 cycle is evolved about 2.5 billion years ago. Anthers from bisexual flowers are removed and this act of removing anther is called emasculation and then flower is covered with a paper bag to prevent contamination from unwanted pollens . Photosynthesis occurs in both mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells. Some C4 plants also function at least partially in C3 or C4 mode. This effectively prevents photorespiration by suppressing O2competition, and also saturates Rubisco carboxylase activity. Indeed, Evans et al. C3 plants are highly rich in proteins. Mesophyll cell, bundle sheath cell. A feature of C3 grasses is their greater tolerance of frost compared to C4 grasses. C4 plants uses C4 cycle or Hatch-Slack Pathway for the dark reaction of photosynthesis. As a result, C. plants, even in high-temperature environments. Priyanka Bansal answered this. Yes, there are the following similarities in C3 and C4 plants: All the essential reactions in the C3 network are also critical to C4. They are C3 plants, C4 plants and CAM plants. Main or the key difference between C3 and C4 is that C3 are found in all photosynthetic plants and C4 are found usually in tropical plants. The first stable product of this process is a four-carbon compound, hence the name. The C4 photosynthetic carbon cycle is an elaborated addition to the C3 photosynthetic pathway. Approx 5% of plants on earth are C4 plants. 10. C 4 pathways. The optimum temperature for photosynthesis in C3 plants is very low. Leaf anatomy in C 3 plants: Leaves of C 3 plants show only one type of cell called mesophyll cells which contain mesophyll chloroplast thus in these plants C 3 pathway occur. Both are the type of dark reactions of photosynthesis. The plants are known as C4 plants. In this lesson discuss the details of the C3 C4 and CAM plants telegram link - https://t.me/sciencelearningacademy. C4 plants : Bundle Sheath. Ø End products of C3 and C4 cycle are similar. 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