However, Chakavian magazines are published even today (Jembrigh 2014). Please listen and watch the movie Zona Zamfirova. I think Robert has done articles on 9/11 conspiracy theories and their level of crediblity, yeah. Interesting when one considers that Ukrainians do not even consider Rusyn a real language. Kashubian itself is a macrolanguage made up of two different languages, South Kashubian and North Kashubian, as the two have difficult intelligibility. There are many differences between Bulgarian and Russian speakers. Je to oficiln jazyk v Bulharsk republice a jeden z 23 oficilnch jazyk v Evropsk unii. Nevertheless, writing continues in various Kajkavian dialects which still retain some connection to the old literary language, although some of the lexicon and grammar are going out (Jembrigh 2014). Serbo-Croatian (Shtokavian) has 55% intelligibility of Macedonian (varies from 25-90%), 27% of Slovenian, 25% of Slovak, 20% of Ukrainian, 13% of oral Bulgarian and 25% of written Bulgarian, 10% of oral Russian and 22% of written Russian, 10% of Czech, and 5% of Polish. Pannonian Rusyn is actually a part of Slovak, and Rusyn proper is really a part of Ukrainian. Is Ukrainian closer to Russian or Polish? People who live in border regions have an advantage of speaking two languages and can easily comprehand other ones as well. Hello, can you tell me, how much Kajkavian can your average Chakavian speaker understand in percentage? Yes, there are some words, which has Ukraine origins, but trust me that its not so hard to understand. Despite a lot of commonality between the dialects, the differences between them are significant. I am born and raised in Western Ukraine in a Russophone family. But akavian being archaic it has old slavic package. Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria, there also exists a Macedonian norm, which (sao=also?) plenty of prepositions are used in a similar, if not identical, manner; to name an example, na is used in both Macedonian and Ni Torlak as a replacement for the Serbian genitive, in addition to its standard use as on(to) In fact, some say the intelligibility between the two is near zero. An individual's achievement of moderate proficiency or understanding in a language (called L2) other than their first language (L1) typically requires considerable time and effort through study and practical application if the two languages are not very closely related. The thesis that Bulgarian and Macedonian are the same language is not real in the practice. Linguistic distance is the name for the concept of calculating a measurement for how different languages are from one another. Cieszyn Silesian speakers strongly reject the notion that they speak the same language as Upper Silesians. Some islanders go even further than that and don`t consider themselves ethnic Croats. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc, or its affiliates. The Czech law even states that Slovak language can be used in schools and in official documents. wovel a shifts to o not shits hahhaha sorry. (Jim Morrison). Feb 22, 2020. I always aske her about whether she understands Bulgarian and Serbian and she claims Serbian is way closer to her language rather than Bulgarian. However, it appears to be a separate language, as Lach is not even intelligible within itself. It forms a single tongue and is not several separate languages as many insist. Slovak 50 % spoken, 70 % written . For instance, he and she in Standard Macedonia is toj and taa respectively, very close to Bulgarian toy and tya. Can Ukrainians and Polish understand each other? Portuguese has varying degrees of mutual intelligibility with Spanish, Galician, French and Italian. Answer (1 of 4): Yes. Written intelligibility is higher at 25%. Written intelligibility was only calculated for a number of language pairs. Ukrainian has 82% intelligibility of Belarusian and Rusyn and 55% of Polish. akavian is full of romanisms, kajkavian of germanisms and tokavian of turkish and other orientalisms. Needless to say, Polish is very familiar too, except its phonology, getting the gist of which is just a matter of some time. Is there any way you could give me percentage figures for these observations of your wifes? Post 1991, g has returned. BULGARIAN (transferred to the Latin script): algarskijat ezik e indoevropejski ezik ot grupata na junoslavjanskite ezici. In the towns of Pirot and Vranje, it cannot be said that they speak Serbo-Croatian; instead they speak this Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian mixed speech. It consists of at least four major dialects, Ekavian Chakavian, spoken on the Istrian Peninsula, Ikavian Chakavian, spoken in southwestern Istria, the islands of Bra, Hvar, Vis, Korula, and olta, the Peljeac Peninsula, the Dalmatian coast at Zadar, the outskirts of Split and inland at Gacka, Middle Chakavian, which is Ikavian-Ekavian transitional, and Ijekavian Chakavian, spoken at the far southern end of the Chakavian language area on Lastovo Island, Janjina on the Peljeac Peninsula, and Bigova in the far south near the border with Montenegro. Some do in fact argue that Ukrainian shouldn't be considered as an East-Slavic language at all, being that it has more in common with West-Slavic languages such as Polish, Czech and Slovak than it . Classifications may also shift for reasons external to the languages themselves. The reason that these languages seem to be mutually intelligible is because almost all Ukrainians are bilingual anyway, and capable of switching between the two at will. Look at this Polish girl: So give these mutually intelligible languages a second look. Macedonian and Bulgarian are fairly similar but they are not close to being fully mutually intelligible. A Serbian friend of mine was estaunished to see how some Macedonian celebrities speak Serbian on the TV without accent. People from Lviv and larger cities and towns in western Ukraine have a slight clipped accent but they speak standard Ukrainian. In terms of pronunciation, Ukrainian or Southeastern Yiddish can be considered to occupy an intermediate position between Northeastern and Central Yiddish. If you choose to learn a language which is at least to some extent mutually intelligible to a language you already know . However, a Croatian linguist has helped me write part of the Croatian section, and he felt that at least that part of the paper was accurate. I speak both Southern akavian and neotokavian. For example, the spirantisation of Slavic /g/ to /h/ is an areal feature shared by the Czech-Slovak group with both Ukrainian and Sorbian (but not with Polish). Similar things are also valid for Ukraine and Belarus, both of which were parts of the Soviet Union, where Russian was the dominant official language. Reactions: So far there have been few reactions to the paper. Ponaszymu appears to lack full intelligibility with Czech. The old Dniestrian/Galician speech is largely confined to rural areas. There is . They understand almost nothing. Colloquial Ukrainian spoken in most of the country is pretty much comprehensible to Russians. Instead Eastern Lach and Western Lach have difficult intelligibility and are separate languages, so Lach itself is a macrolanguage. Macedonian: 50-60 % Pronunciation is quite different, but all patterns are easy to catch. However, the Croatian macrolanguage has strange lects that Standard Croatian (tokavian) cannot understand. For Kai-Cha it was less shocking as many words were taught by their parents (or they remembered them from childhood, before the school system forces you to use only the Std Cro). I am afraid you are not right because if you take Serbian dialects till Nis, then they are very mutually intelligible with Macedonian! Ukrainian and Belarusian are mutually intelligible and in general very close and have some common features like synthetical future, but Russian speakers (who know only Russian) only partially understand Ukrainian/Belarusian. The dialects of Ukrainian do not differ extensively from one another and are all mutually intelligible. Bulgarian is similar to Macedonian but with more different cyrillic. One of the most bizarre cases is that of Bulgarian, where the level of mutual intelligibility with spoken Czech is very low (close to zero), due to a completely different grammar. But then the second older guy from Bosnia (Filipovi) appeared on the screen and wow! You cant honestly believe that 19 hijackers from Saudi Arabia armed only with boxcutters where able to attack US biggest most powerful landmarks given all the hard factual evidence not including things like thermite or if a missile hit the Pentagon or other junk like that. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. Nice article, but I think there is a difference between spoken mutual intelligibility and different languages. If you can speak Russian fluently, you will be able to understand 77% of Polish words, while Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, and . Polish is the most incomprehensible Slavic language for other Slavs, both spoken and written. It differs from the rest of Silesian in that it has undergone heavy Czech influence. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. For true MI testing, we want virgin ears, and it has to be both ways. The Lemko dialect of Rusyn has only marginal intelligibility with Ukrainian. I have had people give me personal estimates like 40%, 85%, 60-65%, 70%,10-15%, less than 1%, etc. These recommendations are based on research into the mutual intelligibility of Germanic languages, conducted by Femke Swarte. a person with Virgin ears from any where in the Czech republic and west and central Slovakia will understand each other fairly well. There is one factor they dont know about the internet. In other words, Ukrainian speakers can often understand Russian, while Russian speaker doesn't understand Ukrainian, especially Russian speakers from outside Ukraine. I speak tokavski croatian (and can read and understand serbian (both cyrillic and latin) and can adapt my croatian to be more serbian grammatically and with vocabulary) and just recently I had a conversation where I spoke croatian and the other person spoke polish. Much of the claimed intelligibility is simply bilingual learning. I will also say that it is a fact that a British intelligence linked terrorist Anas al-Liby recruited by MI6 to kill Gadaffi in 96 was involved in the African Embassy bombings. Northern Germanic languages spoken in Scandinavia form a dialect continuum where two furthermost dialects have almost no mutual intelligibility. I got that figure from a Serb. However, all three languages - Ukrainian, Russian and Belarusian - are in part mutually intelligible, and already knowing one can help a lot if you want to learn one of the . KajkavianCroatian, spoken in northwest Croatia and similar to Slovenian, is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. We speak them too. Croatian linguist. However, in terms of vocabulary Ukrainian is closer to Polish, from which it has borrowed a large number of words. Thanks for clearing this up! Exposure doesnt count. Slobozhan Ukrainian speakers in this region find it easier to understand their Russian neighbors than the Upper DnistrianUkrainian spoken in the far west in the countryside around Lviv. And, as it was already sad, all Slovaks understand czeh better than czech slovaks thanks to hostory and politics. Poles who know German and Old Polish can understand Silesian quite well due to the Germanisms and the presence of many older Polish words, but Poles who speak only Polish have a hard time with Silesian. Slovak has 91% intelligibility of Czech. Since the breakup, young Czechs and Slovaks understand each other worse since they have less contact with each other. I can only speak from my personal experience (business trips to Czech Republic - Ostrava, Praha, Mlad Boleslav, Mikulov ). Serbs can read both cyrillic and latin without any problem even if that two scripts are mixed in a word or sentence. Croats say Macedonian is a complete mystery to them. French has a reasonable degree of lexical similarity with Italian,Sardinian, Romansh, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish, making it partially mutually intelligible with these languages. Ive done tests with my friends shtokavians-only (or monolingual Croats regarding the situation here) and it was very interesting. So here you have a case, when I could not understand everything, but I could grasp the meaning (at least). In some respects, all Slavic languages have a lot in common. 7. Western Ukraine, at least urban Western Ukraine, no longer speaks the Galician dialect but rather standard Ukrainian. At some point he probably became a rogue or double agent, General Musharraf says. Macedonian is a little easier, since its more a transitional dialect between Bulgarian and Serbian. Just search for alternative Croatian or kaikavian lessons and you will find me, along witht he contact information. That word have special meaning and I think that Serbian needs that word, but if I tell that word seriously while I speak, everybody will laugh at me. Its predecessor stage is known in Western academia as Ruthenian (14th to 17th centuries), in turn descended from what is referred to in modern linguistics as Old East Slavic (10th to 13th centuries). Italian is partially mutually intelligible with French, Catalan, Sardinian, Spanish, Ladin and Romanian. The intelligibility of Polish and Russian is very low, on the order of 5-10%. Its also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. Hello, the difference of course is completely arbitrary, but above 90%, most speakers regard their comprehension as full or say things like I understand it completely. Below 90%, it starts getting a lot more iffy, and down towards 80-85%, people start saying things like, I understand most of it but not all! and people start regarding the other tongue as possibly a separate language. Thanks so much for this post. Just one example: the letter g was eliminated in order to make the Ukrainian h correspond exactly with Russian g. In the case of transparently cognate languages officially recognized as distinct such as Spanish and Italian, mutual intelligibility is in principle and in practice not binary (simply yes or no), but occurs in varying degrees, subject to numerous variables specific to individual speakers in the context of the communication. Lets say a young Czech goes to Slovakia without prior exposure to Slovak. You cannot simply separate the articles from the words during a regular conversation. In this week's Slavic languages comparison, we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian.
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